The Psychological Effects Of Slavery In Toni Morrisons...

To describe many of the major characters in the novel, Beloved by Toni Morrison, Carol Iannone describes, â€Å"the psychological and emotional effects of being owned—of having no sense of self, of fearing to trust or to love when anything can be taken away at any time.† (â€Å"Toni Morrison’s Career,† Commentary 84(6), December 1987, 63). Morrison and Iannone emphasize the results of the countless horrific events and abuse by plantation owners during the era of slavery. The extensive use of African Americans has been deeply embedded in America’s history just as the memories and knowledge of slavery have been deeply embedded into a person. In Beloved, Sethe and her children have escaped slavery, only to be encountered by the spirit of her lost child†¦show more content†¦Having to already experienced slavery, Baby Suggs couldn’t control her feeling of anxiety as she waits for Halle’s arrival from Sweet Home plantation to 124 Bluestone Road. In Baby Suggs’s mind, it is filled with worries and â€Å"thought s that if Halle made it, God do what He would, it would be a cause for a celebration...When the children arrived and no Sethe, she was afraid and grateful,† (Morrison 135). Baby Suggs was too anxious to have any sort of celebration because she was too accustomed to negativity and personal loss from her time in slavery. Although Baby Suggs is happy that the children made it safely to 124, she truly desired her only loving child, Halle, to return to her. Her reputation is destroyed when her generosity was mistaken for pride. 124 Bluestone Road used to be a happy and peaceful place until the four horsemen arrive to take back Sethe and her children. Baby Suggs withdraws herself from the community and rots away after witnessing this dehumanizing event: â€Å"two boys bled in the sawdust at the feet of a nigger woman holding a blood-soaked child to her chest with one hand and an infant by the heels in the other,† (Morrison 149). Baby Suggs transforms from a loving religious figure into a slave of this dreadful memory. The loss of Sethe, Denver, and Beloved reminds Baby Suggs of her children’s loss, which prevented her from moving on with her life. The remembrance of her slave lifeShow MoreRelatedSlave Narratives: Beloved by Toni Morrison1644 Words   |  7 Pageswitness it. Slave narratives are memoirs that were written while slavery was still legalized, for example Harriet Jacob’s â€Å"Incidents in the life of a Slave Girl†. However, Toni Morrison’s â€Å"Beloved† is considered a neo-slave narrative because it is a story that is written after the abolishment of slavery. These stories of slavery still haunt Americans, black and white. Slave narratives are significant because there are psychological scars that are still existent, whether they are seen or not. SarahRead MoreToni Morrison s Beloved : Dehumanization Of Slavery And Its Effects On African Americans And Their Basic Forms Of1268 Words   |  6 PagesToni Morrison’s Beloved shows the dehumanization of slavery and its effects on African-Americans and their basic forms of existence—specifically motherhood. Morrison depicts the strong maternal bond between Sethe and her children. Most importantly, her use of Sethe’s controversial act of infanticide shows the lengths that Sethe will take to protect her children from slavery. Morrison’s depiction of Sethe’s motherhood shows how slavery has deconstructed the Eurocentric expectations and traditionsRead M oreToni Morrisons Beloved Essay868 Words   |  4 Pagesan emotional shock causing lasting and substantial damage to a person’s psychological development. Linda Krumholz in the African American Review claims the book Beloved by Toni Morrison aids the nation in the recovery from our traumatic history that is blemished with unfortunate occurrences like slavery and intolerance. While this grand effect may be true, one thing that is absolute is the lesson this book preaches. Morrison’s basic message she wanted the reader to recognize is that life happens,Read MoreBeloved : A Reconstruction Of Our Past1705 Words   |  7 PagesCrossley Short Close Reading Paper #2 November 20, 2015 Beloved: A reconstruction of our past Beloved by Toni Morrison is a reconstruction of history told by the African American perspective, a perspective that is often shadowed or absent in literature. Her novel presents a cruel demonstration of the horrors endured by slaves and the emotional and psychological effects it created for the African American community. It unmasks the realities of slavery, in which we are presented with the history of eachRead MoreBeloved by Toni Morrison1455 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, numerous people were victims of slavery. Many people were tortured and worked to death and suffered horrifically. Not many slaves knew their mothers because they were torn from their homes. Many slave women were robbed of their innocence by their masters. Behind the face of every slave, there is always a very traumatic unforgettable story which is not something to pass on, but a lesson to remember from repeating same mistake again. Only a handful of slaves learned to read andRead More Character of Bel oved in Toni Morrisons Beloved Essays2510 Words   |  11 PagesThe Character of Beloved in Toni Morrisons Beloved Perhaps one of the most important issues in Toni Morrisons award-winning novel Beloved is Morrisons intentional diversity of possible interpretations. However the text is looked at and analyzed, it is the variety of these multiple meanings that confounds any simple interpretation and gives the novel the complexity. The debate rages on over many topics, but one issue of central and basic importance to the understanding of the novel is definingRead MoreGender Roles In Slavery In Toni Morrisons Beloved756 Words   |  4 PagesDuring slavery, African American men and women were subject to cruel labor and punishment throughout the Americas. They were beaten, abused, and forced to toil for long hours, burdened with the weight of an astronomical workload. In Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved, she is able to capture this aspect of slavery by identifying gender roles and the effects of slavery on laborers. The narrative tells the story of a runaway slave named Sethe who has found freedom in Cincinnati after escaping Sweet HomeRead MoreThe Effects of Violence in Beloved Essay1050 Words   |  5 PagesAmericans during and after slavery explores the many horrific acts of violence. Violence manifests itself in people both physically and psychologically. Physical wounds may heal over time, but it is the emotional scarring that begins to take a toll on the human mind. The novel, Beloved, by Toni Morrison revolves around the character of Sethe, an African American woman who recently escaped from a slave plantation. Sethes home on 124 Bluestone Road is haunted by her daughter, Beloved, whom Sethe murderedRead MoreEssay about The Association of Maternal Bonds and Identity in Beloved1583 Words   |  7 PagesToni Morrison’s novel, Beloved, is a â€Å"haunting stray of a mother’s love that frames a series of irrelated love stories by multiple narrators† (Bell 61). The main character Sethe is a mother who fails to realize her children’s needs. She attempts to protect her children from the community amongst many other dangers such as slavery and love, however ultimately isolating them. Sethe’s character as well as actions confirms the â€Å"struggle and psychological trauma of slavery† (Napierkowski 35) from whichRead MoreSlavery And Social Criticism In Toni Morrisons Beloved1999 Words   |  8 PagesToni Morrison’s Beloved was not intended to stand alone as a story and novel; a standalone novel iswill be relevant, meaningful, effective and moving regardless of anything going on outside the world that the author has created. Beloved does not stand alone because it doesn’t render the world outside the novel unimportant; it is so integrated into the context of its time period and the one we live in now that to separate the book from its surroundings would be counterintuitive, and the primary message

The Ethics Of Virtue Ethics - 1796 Words

Although Hursthouse accepts that virtue ethics ‘†¦cannot tell us what we should do’, she nonetheless reasons in a different way to show how virtue ethics aids us. Furthermore, Hursthouse would refute virtue ethics being insufficiently action-guiding because we have v-rules in the form of virtues and vices to provide action-guidance (Hursthouse, 1999). Elizabeth Anscombe in ‘Modern Moral Philosophy’ (1958) also contributed to virtue ethics and put forward the idea that modern moral philosophy is misguided, asking if there can be any moral laws if there is no God. In turn questioning what does right and wrong even mean without a lawgiver? Her approach argued for a return to Aristotelian ethics, specifically on his idea of eudaimonia of†¦show more content†¦Despite these claims held by Aristotle, Hursthouse and Anscombe they are not strong enough to contend against the main assertion at hand of virtue ethics being insufficiently action-guiding. Such accounts fail ultimately because, they do not change the fact that virtue ethics does not provide any guidance for our actions. Principally, how can an ethical theory be judged on its sufficiency (hence why virtue ethics is insufficient) when it does not even promote any guidance for our actions in the first place? As a result of all the weaknesses discussed, it further validates my stance on how virtue ethics is insufficiently action-guiding. Despite virtue ethicists asking questions such as ‘how should I live my life?’ the fundamental problem continues to be echoed, for no guidance is given to support how I should do this. Robert Louden in ‘On Some Vices of Virtue Ethics’ supported this view, arguing how virtue ethics does not help anyone facing a crisis. This is primarily because virtue ethics fails to provide anything near to a rulebook for the moral life that a person could consult with, in shaping what they ought to do in certain situations. Surely, this is what is required for it to be seen as a successful moral theory and thus, explains why it provides little value to us as an action-guiding ethical system. Thus, virtue

Research Skills for Physical Activity Participation- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theResearch Skills for Physical Activity Participation. Answer: Summary Topic - When the Physical Activity Participation Promotes inactivity: Negative experiences of Spanish Adolescents in Physical Education and Sport. This article analyzes the negative effects cause from the sports and physical education. This method is to be proved by a qualitative analysis by taking interviews of some teenagers who doesnt do any physical activity. Physical inactivity is the most recent scenario in the Western industrialized societies and has become a great concern for the well being and public health. The Health department and World health Organization together are trying to support focus of the children and the youth in the physical activity. The teenagers who are physically not active and is habituated to lead mostly stationary lifestyles cannot experience the benefits of activities and exercises. Lack in physical activity a person may damage the proper growth and development in the health of teenagers and have a negative effect on their fitness and health. Lack of physical activity in teenager may leads to cardiovascular disease, increase in blood pressure, cholesterol and so on. Although performance is under stood as productive and gets efficient results for objectives, the value or the worth of the person depends on the performance of the person. There can be negative performances with respect to anxieties, struggles and disappointments. The culture in performativity contains as whole a series of knowledge and technologies. This paper has given the physical performance of the youth which has long been in research to create enjoyment. The procedure of research followed the quantitative data collection with semistructured interviews lasting for 45 minutes to 1 hour. This was the tape recorded interview with the inactive adolescents. There was comparative strategy for feeding the analysis of the results of inactivity and less of physical exercises. The informants in the quantitative phase were made of the activities that can be reported by own and estimated energy expenditure. The participants were aged from 17 to 18 years. The intensity of activity and the average values are assigned wit h the activities in epidemiological studies. The physical activity index was expressed in kcal/kg/day. The people who remain inactive generally they used to get rejection and exclusion from the peer group. The inactive students gave views on their bas experiences in the curriculum. This is the performativity culture which is often symbolized with violence. According to certain inactive girls, certain teachers showed more favoritism towards boys and gave better marks on the basis. This paper thus gave a research based study on the results of the physical inactive and the negative reasons and causes associated with it. Annotated Bibliography Beltrn-Carrillo, V. J., Devs-Devs, J., Peir-Velert, C., Brown, D. H. (2012). When physical activity participation promotes inactivity: Negative experiences of Spanish adolescents in physical education and sport. Youth Society, 44(1), 3-27. In this article Beltrn-Carrillo et al, (2012) reviews about the negative experiences of Spanish adolescents in physical education and sport which could be identified by the physical activity participation that promotes inactivity. The authors here tried to identify the root cause of the negative experiences and inactivity among the adolescents and whether it was linked to the social experiences. The method used was the qualitative data collection gathered from the academic year of 2004-2005 with semi structured interviews among the teenagers of 17-18 years of age. The author suggested the possible reasons are associated mainly with the gender biases, punishments, scolding. Thus it can be concluded that the inactive adolescents had different negative experiences and clearly related to social experiences. Fox, C. K., Barr?Anderson, D., Neumark?Sztainer, D., Wall, M. (2010). Physical activity and sports team participation: Associations with academic outcomes in middle school and high school students. Journal of School Health, 80(1), 31-37. The purpose of the study in the paper is to identify the associations between sports team participation, physical activity and outcomes in academics in middle and high school students. The aim is to identify the reason behind the physical activity team participation. The methods used in the study is the data drawn from the project EAT (Eating Among the teens) in which the survey was done among the middle and high school students. The students self reported the hours they indulge each week in physical activities like sports participation. Two regression statistical models were constructed with GPA and the results were calculated. The results shows that for the girls of high school the physical activity and participation of team were both associated with higher GPA. For the boys only the participation in sports team is associated with higher rate of GPA. Thus this paper concluded that the academic success was found to be positively co related with the physical activity involvement and the sports team participation. Hayball, F., Jones, M. I. (2016). Life after sport? Examining life skill transfer following withdrawal from sport and compulsory physical education. British Psychological Society. Hayball Jones, (2016) in this paper has identified the examining life skills for the life after sport. The aim of this study was to explore whether the young women who were withdrawn from the sports can develop life skills and explore the process the process of transferability across life domains. The methodology that the researchers used were the qualitative descriptive study collected in semi structured interview among 8 females who had undergone withdrawal from the sport. The analysis of the data was done using the culminated 61 basic codes and themes of higher degrees. The results suggested of completely different life skills development. It can be concluded that the awareness and skills developed outside the sports are due to new learning, appraisal in the event and valuable rewards. Cleland, V., Dwyer, T., Blizzard, L., Venn, A. (2008). The provision of compulsory school physical activity: Associations with physical activity, fitness and overweight in childhood and twenty years later. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5(1), 14. This research article helps in the determination of the provision of physical activity in the higher levels of compulsory school that will help in the students increase in fitness. The aim is to identify the reason of adopting the provision for physical education in school. The methods used are the part of fitness survey in 108 schools and the report with frequency with the weight defined in BMI. The results suggested the baseline and median indicated the fitness level more associated with the physical activity performance in the schools. Thus, it can be concluded that the amount of compulsory physical activity is to be increased in the schools as far as the fitness and the overweight are associated. References Beltrn-Carrillo, V. J., Devs-Devs, J., Peir-Velert, C., Brown, D. H. (2012). When physical activity participation promotes inactivity: Negative experiences of Spanish adolescents in physical education and sport. Youth Society, 44(1), 3-27. Cleland, V., Dwyer, T., Blizzard, L., Venn, A. (2008). The provision of compulsory school physical activity: Associations with physical activity, fitness and overweight in childhood and twenty years later. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5(1), 14. Fox, C. K., Barr?Anderson, D., Neumark?Sztainer, D., Wall, M. (2010). Physical activity and sports team participation: Associations with academic outcomes in middle school and high school students. Journal of School Health, 80(1), 31-37. Gall, S. L., Jose, K., Smith, K., Dwyer, T., Venn, A. (2009). The Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study: a profile of a cohort study to examine the childhood influences on adult cardiovascular health. Australasian Epidemiologist, 16(1), 35. Hayball, F., Jones, M. I. (2016). Life after sport? Examining life skill transfer following withdrawal from sport and compulsory physical education. British Psychological Society. Taylor, J. (2012). Students' and Teachers' Perceptions of Physical Education.

Election Campaign Financing Essay Research Paper Chris free essay sample

Election Campaign Financing Essay, Research Paper Chris AlibaruhoBA 243 Topic Report When researching for this paper, I found that the general consensus showedthat particular involvement funding is a turning influence on the results of elections inrespect to election run funding. As you will see I have identified the problemsand so proceed to discourse possible reforms with usage of a? pro and con? method. The first of the chief jobs in the issue of run funding are theindependent outgos. Harmonizing to the Federal Election Committee ( FEC ) , anindependent outgo is? an outgo of money for communications expresslyadvocating the election or licking of a clearly identified federal campaigner which is notmade with the cooperation or consent of, or at the petition or suggestion of, anycandidate or any of his or her agents or authorized commissions. ? In other words, they are political outgos or outgos often made to payfor telecasting and wireless advertizements, imperativeness conferences, political mass meetings byindividuals, groups, or parties seeking to advance a specific message about issues orcandidates during an election season. These outgos have the possible to affectthe result of the race because they imply which campaigner is the best withoutdirectly stating electors which candidate to take. Although they are independentbecause they are produced without confer withing the campaigner or his run, peoplecriticize them for holding the same negative impact as direct parts. This is whyindependent outgos can be seen as a job. The 2nd country that needs to be tackled in the issue of run funding issoft money. Besides referred to as? nonfederal financess? or? sewer money? , soft moneyrefers to run money raised and/or exhausted outside the restrictions and prohibitionsof the Federal Election Campaign Act ( FECA ) . Harmonizing to the FEC, soft moneyoften includes corporate and exchequer financess every bit good as single parts inexcess of federal bounds. These can non be lawfully used in connexion with federalelections ( elections for the US Senate, US House of Representatives, presidential term andvice presidentia l term. ) The first premise of today? s run finance Torahs is thatpeople, non organisations, are vulnerable to the potentially caustic influence ofpolitical money. The 2nd premise is that province and local political parties andtheir grass roots activities are valuable characteristics of our civil civilization that the federalgovernment should non interfere with. This explains why most federal election lawsdo non cover parts that support province and local? nonfederal? parties. Private money is raised by national parties to back up province party organizationsand does non profit specific people running for federal offices. Therefore, it is neitheruncommon or illegal for parties to raise every bit much as $ 1,000,000 from persons andorganizations, some of which are banned from lending straight to candidates.This is one of the many loopholes found in run funding. For illustration, thefederal authorities is permitted merely to modulate the manner in which campaigns forfederal offices a re financed. It is left up to the single provinces and municipalities todetermine how runs for the province legislative assembly, governor, and local populace officesare to be financed and how province and local political parties are to be regulated. Here isthe loophole ; national political parties can set up? nonfederal histories? to supportstate and local political activities. These histories are non regulated by federalcampaign finance Torahs because technically they have nil to make with federalelections. Many soft money critics point out that campaigners, subscribers and otherspecial involvements can technically obey the? missive of the jurisprudence? , but by utilizing soft moneyto get around the part and disbursement bounds, they violate the? spirit? of thesame jurisprudence. The last of the issues I shall be covering with in my essay are the issues ofout-of-district distributions and out-of-state distributions. An out-of-state orout-of-district distribution is one of those f ootings that tries to capture a batch ofinformation in as few words as possible therefore excluding the of import inside informations aboutthe whole construct. After some research, it became evident that out-of-districtcontributions refer to money donated to the House of Representatives and PAC? sresiding outside the territory in which the campaigner is running. There are 435 Housedistricts in the United States, hence an out-of-district part refers to anycontribution made to a House campaigner by a pe rson living in any of the other 434districts. An out-of-state contribution refers to money donated to a candidate for theUnited States Senate by individuals and PAC?s residing outside the state in which thecandidate is running. Of course there are 50 states so an out-of-state contribution isany contribution to a senatorial candidate by a person living in any of the other 49states. After looking at the above points, I realized there are many ways of reformingcampaign financing to correct what some people may see as problems in the system.When looking at independent expenditures, critics object to the growing use of thismethod to influence political campaigns. It is seen as just one more way for specialinterests and rich citizens to get around direct contribution limits. So as not to runafoul of the supreme court rulings concerning political speech, proposals to changethe current system of independent expenditures have generally focused on offsettingthe benefits that independent expe nditures bestow on candidates rather than outlawthese benefits altogether. With this in mind, I believe one way of reformingexpenditures would be to allow increases in a candidate?s spending depending on hisor her opponent?s expenditures. For example, if a candidate has agreed to voluntaryspending limits and his opponent has benefited from expenditures, the candidatewould be allowed to increase his or her spending by the amount of expenditures.However, like in many situations, there are pros and cons. One con to this is that anyattempt to limit expenditures directly may be ruled unconstitutional by the SupremeCourt. Also independent expenditures provide opportunities for a wide range ofgroups to support the interests of their members. A reform on independentexpenditures would affect the ability of these groups to participate. One last con oflimiting expenditures is that it strengthens the major parties thus making it harder foroutsiders to challenge them. One of the pros of reformin g the laws concerning expenditure is that all limitscan be enforced and regulated by existing institutions and authorities. Also, limitingexpenditures would reduce the power of special interests who try to influenceelections outside the current regulations on contributions to candidates. Reformingexpenditures would reduce the overall amount of money flowing into campaigns,making it easier for citizens to run for office without having to be somewhat rich. Many argue that regulating soft money is the solution to the problems incampaign financing. The loophole has allowed contributors, candidates, and politicalparties to take advantage of inconsistencies between federal campaign finance lawsand state campaign finance laws to give and spend a lot more campaign money thanfederal laws permit. ?So called soft money is exploding. The parties raise soft moneyin huge quantities, supposedly to strengthen the party machinery but it is regularlychanneled to individual candidates. ?Issue advertis ements? are the latest dodge. Theads display images of the candidates but avoid using words like ?vote for? or ?elect?-thus avoiding limits on party spending for candidates.?- Kenneth Wheaten,Washington Post.Critics say that soft money has the practical effect of helping cash-strapped federalcandidates even though such money is supposed to be used only for ?non-federal?party activities. Private interest groups will continue to enjoy privileged access tolawmakers, as well as special influence with them, unless soft money contributors areprohibited. In my opinion, the best way to honor the intentions of federal campaignlaws is to subject soft money to the same regulations as other federal campaigncontributors and expenses. However, soft money contributions are used to fundthings like voter education programs and registration drives, which encourages theparticipation of citizens. Regulating soft money would have a negative impact on this. When looking at the pros of reforming soft mone y, it can be seen that softmoney contributions make a mockery of federal election laws designed to control theinfluence of wealthy individuals and groups. Soft money provides a way forpresidential candidates to get around the voluntary spending limit that they agree to inorder to qualify for partial public financing of their campaigns, thus making somewhatof a dishonest presidential candidate. I think its best that curbs be made on softmoney because as long as it is allowed, political parties and candidates will continueto concentrate on the concerns of big money contributors rather than on issues thatconcern the general public.**

A Nobel Prize For Isabelle Allende an Example by

A Nobel Prize For Isabelle Allende Could we ever equate something like greatnessor more specifically talent? We humans instinctively clap our hands at something that we appreciate, but is an applause enough. One way of determining greatness of an individual is through awards. And out of all the awards, one of the most prestigious and highly-coveted is the Nobel Prize. To be awarded a Nobel Prize would mean fame for the winner. But perhaps more significantly, it is the recognition that is more satisfying for the recipient. Need essay sample on "A Nobel Prize For Isabelle Allende" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Students Often Tell EssayLab specialists: Who wants to write assignment for me? Essay writer professionals suggest: Your Best Essay Helper Buy An Essay For College Best Essay Writing Service Essay Company College Essay Writing Service Isabel Allende is considered to be one of the brightest contemporary writers. She is one of the women writers from Latin America who were able to achieve worldwide readership. In many respects, her contribution to the Latin-American literature cannot be overlooked. As a testament to her success, she had been awarded many literary awards. This leads us to the query: why such a talented writer like Isabelle Allende is still not given a Nobel Prize for Literature Award? Since 1901, The Nobel Prize is awarded to a recipient once a year. A notable trait of the Nobel Prize is that it is awarded to a recipient of any nationality. There are a set of judges that will determine who will win the award. Their criteria for judging would be in line with the terms of Alfred Bernhard Nobels will: the Nobel Prize in Literature should be awarded to the writer who has created the most distinguished work of idealistic tendency. It appears that of the criteria for judging a work has much to do with the idealism within the piece. Isabel Allende became known for writing stories that are oozing with idealism. She is generally regarded as one of the most nationalistic writers for Latin America. That is not to mention that her works are aesthetically exquisite. Her stories are mostly about lives of the people, the culture, and the mythologies of Latin America. She became famous by portraying the political and gender struggles of Latin America. Some of her best known works that are the political and gender struggles within Latin America are the novel The House of Spirits (1982) and the short story An Act of Vengeance. In many sense, her writing could also be considered loyal to her culture. It is agreed by many literary critics that she had continued a tradition that the Nobel Prize winner Gabriel Garcia Marquez, also a Latin-American, had popularized. Both Marquez and Allendes writing style exhibits much of the writing style called magic realism. Basically, in this particular literary genre, magical and mystical things are being treated as normal, as real. And because of the success of Latin-American writers in using this particular genre, magic realism is closely associated with Latin-American literature. Additionally, maybe just like Marquez, she had become a representative of Latin America to the world. Her portrayal of the Latin American culture and beliefs in her stories makes other cultures understand the Latin Americas better. Moreover, what makes Isabelle Allende exceptional is the context of her chosen field. It would be gender discrimination to say that there are only a select few women writers that excel in the literary field. There are so many great women writers such as Mary Shelley, Jane Austen, Sylvia Plath, and many more. But Allende is one of the few women writers that come from Latin-America. In some respects, she faces two challenges as a writer, both having to with her being a woman. It is not uncommon to us that the literature and most societies, especially in the Latin-Americas, are male dominated. Conclusion Isabelle Allendes contribution to the Latin-American literature, even to the culture is certainly cannot be dismissed. She really deserves an award for her achievements and contributions to literaturebut maybe now is not the time for her to receive a Nobel Prize For Literature. It would be important to consider that many other great writers also never received a Nobel Prize Award in Literature. To name some of them, James Joyce, Mark Twain, Franz Kafka, Henry James, are just some of the great writers that were not recognized by the Nobel Prize. Even the world-renowned Ernest Hemmingway almost did not win a Nobel Prize. But even though Isabelle Allende would not receive a Nobel Prize in Literature immediately, she should be handed the award someday. Her love for her homeland just shines through her worksworks that are being read and loved by literature enthusiasts around the globe. Works Cited Bloom, Harold (editor). Isabel Allende. PA: Chelsea House. 2003. Isabel Allende (1942-) Biography - Personal, Addresses, Career, Honors Awards, Writings, Adaptations, Sidelights. Hart, Patricia, Narrative Magic in the Fiction of Isabel Allende, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press (Teaneck, NJ), 1989. Nomination for the Nobel Prizes. Retrieved 7 June 2008 http://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/

Operations Management and Productivity essayEssay Writing Service

Operations Management and Productivity essayEssay Writing Service Operations Management and Productivity essay Operations Management and Productivity essayFedEx is the company that I chose to write about and their main line of business is shipping and transportation of mail and packages.   FedEx not only ships packages internationally and nationally, but they are also moved into the print and office supply market as well.   With the rebranding of their name from Federal Express to FedEx they are growing at an enormous rate.   They provide a host of different freight services and products. FedEx’s services include FedEx Express, which is their overnight courier services, providing next day air service within the United States and time-definite international service.   Another service they offer is FedEx Ground which guarantees day-definite delivery within Canada and the United States at a cost savings as compared to time-definite FedEx Express.   The most recognizable service would be their FedEx Home Delivery service which is a division of FedEx Ground, specializing in reside ntial delivery Tuesday through Saturday and offers delivery options to provide more flexibility for residential recipients.FedEx’s operation process monitors events that occur throughout the transportation and alerts are generated for events that occur outside the schedule.   When an order is created in the Customer’s system rather through telephone, Internet or email, the Customer’s information system sends the order details to the warehouse in order to pick and pack the requested parts. Once the parts are packed, the Customer’s system is updated with the actual weight and dimensions. At this stage all the required data is available and is sent to the FedEx Supply Chain Manager.   Based on shipping details the FedEx Supply Chain Manager defines the appropriate carrier and exports the orders automatically to the carrier system.   Once this has been done, the FedEx Supply Chain Manager will send the orders electronically to the carrier and provide th e warehouse with the appropriate shipping label. The warehouse handler attaches the label to the correct box/pallet. With respect to the agreed pickup times, the assigned carrier will collect the goods.   On a daily basis FedEx Supply Chain Manager uploads the Order Status Updates (Proof of Delivery, Proof of Collection, escalation codes, etc.). Based on the shipment status, the responsible agent follows up on escalation orders. The status updates can be sent to the customer’s system or displayed via a customized web site to ensure full order visibility.Now that I know a little more about this company and all the different things they do, I’m in awe of how vast the company is and the difficulty it would take to oversee a company this massive.   To manage a small division of this company could be a daunting task with all the various conditions that could change the way things are done.   Weather, location, holidays, and the economy are just a few of the factors th at could affect the way you manage a division or department in this company.   Productivity in this company has to be frantic given the timelines and amount of parcels being moved at any given time. FedEx is global and has the second largest fleet of airplanes in the world.   With a company specializing in the shipping/freight business you have to be able to operate all over the world.   As a Sailor in the Navy, I know from experience that some remote locations have very limited staff but they still have a FedEx office.FedEx is expanding and I don’t see them stopping anytime soon.   They are already in the shipping business, the freight business, the customs consulting business and the office supply business.   Once looked at as a threat to the Unites States Postal Service, they are now a major carrier for the post office, transporting the bulk of their mail and packages.   Before you know it, FedEx will be delivering our mail and they’ll be facing off with the office supply giants such as Staples and Office Depot.

Quality Practices in Ireland and the United States Essay

Quality Practices in Ireland and the United States - Essay Example The quality management practices are used in both the USA and Ireland considerably. In the USA six sigma practices have been broadly used in various business sectors. The Total Quality Management (TQM) is also implemented with an intention to attain effective performance from the workplace. In Ireland both six sigma and TQM are executed in industries by removing the existing traditional procedures. Various examples are cited below that may clearly indicate the quality management practices in both the countries. Roadstone is one of the leading suppliers as well as manufactures of building materials in Ireland. The organization is extensively committed towards efficiency of energy as well as environmental sustainability. It implemented both six sigma and TQM for improving the performance standard. For improving the projects undertaken by the organization, the technique of TQM practice is widely used. The performance of energy and quality are increased considerably by the execution of six sigma (SEI, â€Å"Quality Techniques Boost Performance†). The approach of Total Quality Management is executed in Bus Eireann for the provision of bus services around Ireland. Bus Eireann is committed to provide customers with high quality service at an affordable price. The organization in order to maintain the quality develops excellent culture throughout their organization. For improving the methods of quality procedures the organization introduced top quality bus service for customers.

Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Portfolio - Essay Example There were attempts by the government to inform and educate the people of the US in a totally different manner and the government wanted to introduce new measures and policies when it came to the economic and financial bases. There were changes all over, not only in economics but also in terms of politics and infrastructural developments. All these things accounted for the modifications which actually took place during the period of Renaissance after the year 1989. The reason why Americans experienced such a period is due to the fact that the leaders of the country wanted it to happen and they wanted the people to know that a lot of different measures and steps which were taken by that time were for their own betterment and good. People started to experience life in a different way altogether and thus changes were experienced left, right and center. All said and done, this Renaissance experience was for the positive side of the Americans and there was nothing to worry about as far as the people of the United States are concerned. Realism can make the humanity realize the importance of having a grasp of the global regimes which are working day and night to make a difference, no matter in whichever capacity they are functional. This suggests the fact that realism has a say or two in the global contexts and hence has a direct bearing on the subject of globalization so to speak. Realism brings to light the salient aspects related with world politics which directly or for that matter indirectly comes under the globalization module and thus a strong linkage is made apparent between the very two. Without a doubt, the world economy has grown in recent decades. So much so, that the pundits have said something good about it. International trade is something that is attributed to this upheaval. It has formed the motivating factor behind the very same. Developing countries have also stepped on to the bandwagon and are thus bringing in

Challenges in the Third Sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Challenges in the Third Sector - Essay Example Social benefit structures are usually diverse in different nations. These systems take care of components of social defence, family unit strategy and individual dependability in a different way, and all over the Europe, a combination of these components can be found. Their individual characteristics still control nationalized social exchange of ideas, even though globalisation, altering financial conditions, progressive EU legislative and increased stress on resources appears to direct towards ‘convergence’ .Although in some European nations, civil society - even if the phrase itself is of current derivation - has been a venerable happening, other nations’ experience with them is fresh. Global commonality either has brought active establishments in Europe to start non-governmental organizations or help their counterparts in rising parliamentary governments do this, and their support is usually ongoing.There is no established description of the expression 'civil so ciety establishment'; however, it is normally implicit to take account of the social associates, NGOs, mutual interest organizations and local establishments (Comaroff, p. 99, 2009). What all establishments have in common is their ‘not for profit’ nature, which does not indicate they cannot produce in excess, but does indicate they have to be reinvested in and utilized for the common use of the establishment. In various nations, the global year of volunteers 2001 has evidently been an incentive to reorganize as well as develop volunteering directive.

Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on Bilharziasis

Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on Bilharziasis Abstract Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) gained a great attention in biomedical researches and become more applicable in nanomedicine in recent years because they have distinctive physicochemical properties. The current study was planned to assess the effect of the AuNPs with three doses levels on genes expressions, histology and oxidative stress status of Schistosoma mansoni infected mice liver. Inoculation of mice with 100 ÃŽÂ ¼l AuNPs at different doses (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg mice body weight) twice per week on day 46 and day 49 post infection reduced the total worm burden. Meanwhile, it reduced egg load in the liver and reduce the granuloma size. Also, AuNPs were able to significantly decrease the activities of malondialdhyde and nitric oxide as compared to infected untreated group. However, they increased the level of glutathione as compared toinfected untreated group. Concomitantly, AuNPs ameliorate the inflammatory response through decreasing the mRNA expression of IL-1ß, IL-6, TNFʽ ±, IFNÃŽÂ ³, and iNOS. In consistence with molecular, histopathological and biochemical data, AuNPs could ameliorate the infection induced damage in the liver of mice .Our results indicated that, AuNPs are effective anti-schistosomal and anti-oxidantagent.to confirm the role of nanogold as an antischistosomal agent and its mechanism of action, more studies are required to be done in the future. Keywords: Nanogold, Schistosoma mansoni, liver, gene expressions, histopathology, oxidative stress, mice. Introduction Bilharziasis is one of the most common parasitic diseases, which mostly affect the liver causing granuloma formation and hepatic fibrosis. Since, severe morbidity can result of schistosomal infection; the disease is still an important helminthic infection. Schistosomasis excessively affects people who have limited access to potable water and sanitation lived in the tropics and subtropics, approximately 240 million people infected with over 700 million people at risk of getting infected.1 Praziquantel (PZQ) is the known effective anti-schistosomal drug but the reinfection occurs rapidly after massive drug administration, thus, an efficient therapy used is the optimal way, especially in Schistosoma mansoni endemic areas. From a long time, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was have been used for drug delivery into cells.2,3,4Moreover, AuNPs have a strong potential role in cancer treatment and apoptosisinduction.5Accumulation of nanosystems at the targeted site I soften higher than normal drugs and usually leads to reduced systemic toxicity. However, chrysotherapy; gold was used in some diseases treatment smallpox, skin ulcers, syphilis and measles in ancient cultures in Egypt, India and China.2 Gold complexes showed potential antileishmanial and antimalarial activity, which have interesting role against Leishmania promastigotes in culture medium, becoming promising for using as band-aids to treat skin lesions. In addition, the effects of AuNPs as larvicidal for a mosquito vector of malaria have been reported. Thus, the impact of researches on gold for human tropical diseases therapy is considerable.6 The recent interest in using AuNPs in medicine has altered the methods of diagnosis and treatment.2For example, employing AuNPs in PCR has optimized the specificity of this diagnostic method.7Also some researchers have took advantage of AuNPsin transferring drugs into the biological cells, which provided a good basic for nuclear targeted delivery.8 Additional in vivo investigations are wished for the antihelminthic efficacy of AuNPs.9 Therefore, the present work aims to determine the cure rate of three doses of AuNPs against hepatic injury induced by schistosomasis in CD-1 mice . Materials and methods Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) AuNPs have been prepared by chemical reduction method as reported by Turkevich10. A solution of HAuCl4 has been used as Au3+ ions precursor. Sodium citrate has been used as both of mild reducing and stabilizing agent. The color of the solution slowly turned into faint pink color, indicating the reduction of the Au3+ ions to Au nanoparticles. The fabrication of AuNPs were performed with the colloidal reduction process of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4.3H2O) with salt of trisodium citrate (N3C6H5O7) purchased from Aldrich (99% pure) Chemical Co. Ltd and used without further purification. In a typical experiment: 2 mM of HAuCl4.3H2O was dissolved in 100 mL of double distilled water. To this solution, 1% N3C6H5O7 (~3 mM) was mixed. The pH of this solution was measured via pH meter (Cole parmer U.SA.), which was reached to 7.88. The obtained pinkish colored solution was stirred vigorously and refluxed the solution at boiling temperature for 15-20 min. pinkish color was changed to deep red color ed solution of AuNPs. The obtained colloidal solution was stored for the further morphological and other elemental analysis. Characterization Size and morphology of AuNPs were done by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipped with high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Samples for TEM were prepared using the colloidal solution of nanoparticles. The colloidal sample solution was sonicated for 10 min in a bath sonicator before the observation and dipped in carbon coated copper grid (400 mesh) and dried at room temperature for the morphological analysis.A TEM picture was taken by a JOEL JEM 2000 EX 200 microscope at 200kv. Animals Sixty male CD-1 mice weighing 18-20 g were used in all experiments. The animals were obtained from a closed random bred colony at the Schistosome Biological Supply Center (SBSC) at Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt. Animals were housed in polycarbonate boxes with steel-wire tops (not more than six animals per cage) and bedded with wood shavings. Ambient temperature was controlled at 22  ± 3  °C with a relative humidity of 50 ± 15% and a 12-h light/dark photoperiod. Food and water were provided ad libitum. This study was conducted in accordance with legal ethical guidelines of the Medical Ethics Committee of the Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt (Approval No. 4018/2011). Mice Infection S. mansoni cercariae (Egyptian strain) were obtained from infected intermediate host snails (Biomphalaria alexandrina) maintained at the SBSC. Mice were infected subcutaneously with freshly shed 100 ± 10 cercariae/mouse according to Liang et al.11method. Experimental design Animals were divided into six groups of ten mice each. Group I served as a control (non-infected); the animals were received saline (100 ÃŽÂ ¼l saline water/mouse) by intraperitoneal (ip) injection for 10 days. Group II and Groups III, IV, V and VI were infected with 100 ±10 S. mansoni cercariae. The animals of groups III, IV and V were intrapretonially inoculated with 100 ÃŽÂ ¼l AuNPs at different doses (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg mice body weight) twice per week on day 46 and day 49 post infection respectively. Finally, infected animals of Group VI were orally administered 100  µl of PZQ (600 mg/kg mice body weight) on day 46 post infection at an interval of 24 h for 2 days.12 Study of parasitological criteria Immediately after mice killed by cervical decapitation, hepatic and portomesenteric vessels were perfuse for worms recovery and subsequent counting.13 After perfusion, a piece of liver was used for the determination of the number of ova in liver and the percentage change in egg density was determined. The percentage of eggs at various developmental stages was examined in three samples from each mouse and the mean number of eggs at each stage/animal was determined.14 Sample preparation After dissection, the liver of all groups were immediately removed and divided into three parts, the first part for RNA extraction, the second one for histopathological studies and the third part was homogenized (10% w/v) in ice-cold 0.1 M Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4). The homogenate was centrifuged at 2000 ÃÆ'-g for 15 min. at 4  °C and the resultant supernatant was used for biochemical analysis. Histopathological investigations and granuloma size Tissue samples of the liver of all groups were immediately fixed after animal dissection in 10% neutral buffered formalin dehydrated and processed for paraffin sectioning. Sections were then deparaffinized, stained with hematoxylin and eosin stains. To assess the size of tissue granuloma, the mean diameter (ÃŽÂ ¼m) was measured. For each group, 30 granulomas were chosen from different hematoxylin-eosin stained liver sections from different mice. Assessment of oxidative stress markers Estimation of the reduced glutathione (GSH) level GSH level in liver was determined by the methods of Ellman.15 The method based on the reduction of Ellmans reagent with GSH to produce a yellow compound; the reduced chromogen directly proportional to GSH concentration and its absorbance can be measured at 405 nm. Determination of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were assayed through colorimetric tests of the liver homogenates according to the method of Ohkawa et al.16 In this method, TBARS was determined by using 1 ml of trichloroacetic acid 10% and 1 ml of thiobarbituric acid 0.67% which were then heated together in a boiling water bath for 30 min. TBARS which react with the amount of malondialdehyde found in liver homogenate to give a red color were then measured at 535 nm. Determination of nitric oxide level Nitric oxide (NO) level was assayed colorimetrically in liver homogenate according to the method of Green et al.17 The nitrite/nitrate level was determined where in an acid medium and in the presence of nitrite the formed nitrous acid diazotisesulphanilamide is coupled with N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine. The resulting azo dye has a bright reddish-purple color which can be measured at 540 nm. Quantitative PCR Tissues frozen at -80oC were thoroughly grounded with a mortar under liquid nitrogen and total RNA was isolated with Trizol (Sigma-Aldrich). Quality and integrity of RNA were determined using the Agilent RNA 6000 Nano Kit on the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies). RNA was quantified by measuring A260nm on the ND-1000 Spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies).18 Real time PCR was performed as detailed previously.19, 20 In brief, total RNA freed from DNA using the DNA free kit (Applied Biosystem, Darmstadt, Germany) was used to synthesize cDNA using QuantiTectTM Reverse QuantiTectTM SYBR ® Green PCR kit (Qiagen) was applied for amplifications in the ABI Prism ® 7500HT Sequence Detection System (AppliedBiosystems, Darmstadt, Germany) with gene-specific QuantiTectTM primers delivered by Qiagen (Hilden, Germany). We investigated the genes encoding the mRNAs for the following proteins: interleukin-1ÃŽÂ ² (IL-1ÃŽÂ ²), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFÃŽÂ ± ), interferone-à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ § (IFNà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ §), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). PCR reactions were performed and evaluated as detailed elsewhere.18 Statistical analysis The obtained data were presented as means  ± standard error. One-way ANOVA was carried out, and the statistical comparisons among the groups were performed with Duncans test using a statistical package program (SPSS version 17.0). Pà ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤0.05 was considered as significant for all statistical analysis in this study. Results Morphological analysis of colloidal AuNPs The structural morphology and crystalline character of AuNPs were examined via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipped with high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The obtained images shows the corresponding TEM results, which are shown in figure (1), the low magnified image (Fig. 1A) shows that, AuNPs are spherical in shape within the range of 10-15 nm in diameter. From the observation, its depicted that all the NPs are in definite spherical shape with rough surface and free from agglomeration behavior. Another obtained image represents the high resolution TEM (HR-TEM) image of AuNPs (figure 1B), which shows the lattice difference fringes between two adjacent planes are about 0.235 nm. The obtained lattice difference clearly corresponds to the lattice constant of face centered cubic (FCC) of AuNPs and are analogues with the previously reported information.21, 22 The crystal lattice fringes of HRTEM observation (Fig. 1B), again shows a confirmation of good crystalline nature of synthesized AuNPs and it is consistent with the low magnified image of AuNPs. 21, 22 AuNPs treatment induced a significant reduction in hepatic worm burden at all examined doses (0.25, 0.5 and1 mg/kg) as compared to infected group. The worm burden reduction rate was approximately, 32%, 49% and 64%, respectively (Table 1). Similarly, figure 2 shows that, the three dose levels of AuNPs caused a highly significant reduction on egg density in liver tissues of infected mice, and the highest reduction (69.8 %) was recorded at 1mg AuNPs dose level . Table 2 and figure 3 show the alternation on the liver histology from S. mansoni infected animals, compared with that from control animals. Figure 3A displays a histological section of liver from a control mouse. The center-lobe vein has normal morphological characteristics while figure 3B shows a histological section of liver after 56 days of S. mansoni infection in mice. Cellular alteration was verified on liver. There are leukocyte aggregations near blood vessels and evident vascular congestion. Histological investigation of hepatic tissue sections reveals that S. mansoni infection caused a severe inflammatory response of the liver, as indicated by inflammatory cellular infiltration as well as cytoplasmic vacuolation and degeneration of hepatocytes. In addition, the hepatic sinusoids were dilated and apparently contained more Kupffer cells. Treated livers of S. mansoni infected mice with the three dose levels (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) of AuNPs as shown in figures 3C, 3D and 3E, resp ectively appeared with moderate inflammatory cellular infiltration. Figure4 showed that, the granuloma size in hepatic tissue showed a marked and a significant reduction in the granuloma diameter at Pas a result of AuNPs treatment to schistosome infected mice at all investigated doses (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) as compared to untreated schistosome infected mice. Likewise, PZQ gavage induced a significant decrease in hepatic granuloma size infected of S. mansoni versus infected group. Schistosomiasis induced a significant elevation in hepatic levels of MDA and NO (table 3). In the same manner, injection of 3 different doses of AuNPs and PZQ to infected mice increased the levels of MDA and NO significantly as compared to non-infected group. Oppositely, a significant reduction was observed in hepatic MDA and NO levels as a result of AuNPs (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) and PZQ injection versus infected group. Finally, GSH which involved in the down-regulation of substances formed during oxidative stress has been determined (Table 3). It was striking that GSH was significantly down-regulated by S. mansoni infection but that this effect was largely ameliorated by AuNPs treatment. Moreover, the S. mansoni infected mice revealed a significant up-regulation in mRNA of IL-1ÃŽÂ ², IL-6, TNFÃŽÂ ±, IFNÃŽÂ ³ and iNOs in hepatic tissue; likewise, injection of different doses of AuNPs and PZQ induced significant up-regulation versus control group. On the other hand, treatment with AuNPs as well as, PZQ to infected mice decreased the expression of IL-1ÃŽÂ ², IL-6, TNFÃŽÂ ±, IFNÃŽÂ ³ and iNOs-mRNA significantly as compared to infected group (Fig. 5). 4. Discussion Newly in several fields of nanomedicine; AuNPs have been actively used for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. It has been debated that nanoparticles of gold could be used in nearly all medical purposes.23 Abraham and Himmel24proved the successful usage of colloidal gold in rheumatoid arthritispatients. In addition, AuNPs caused cestode paralysis, which is followed by death; the authors attributed to alterations in cestode enzymatic activity of the parasite.9 Our results revealed that schistosomiasis caused marked and significant histopathological impairments in liver sections, and granulomatous inflammation was recorded. Ameret al.25 reported that S. mansoni induced granulomas which were characterized by concentric fibrosis Ù†¡Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ° the trapped eggs surrounded by many fibroblasts. In addition, Toussonet al.26observed main histopathological injuries in schistosomiasis mansoni such as granulomas, diffuse infiltration of inflammatory cells eosinophils and small mononuclear cells and fibrosis of portal areas and interlobular septa. In the same manner, El- Banhawey et al. 27 cleared that schistosomiasis causes necrotic changes in the liver tissues. On contrary, our treatment with different doses of AuNPs appeared moderate inflammatory cellular infiltration, decreased the granuloma diameter. Moreover, AuNPs reduced the hepatic worm burden as compared the infected group. Dkhilet al.28 deduced that gold nanoparticles treatment to infected schistosome mice improved the histological disturbances of infected brain mice. Schistosomiasis mansoni imbalanced the hepatocellular antioxidant system and liberated the free radicals which are evidenced by decrement in GSH level and increased levels of both nitrite/nitrate and MDA in hepatic tissue. Meanwhile, AuNPs increased hepatic GSH level and decreased the levels of nitrite/nitrate and MDA. It was reported that, schistosomiasis disturbed the levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants which impaired liver GSH content of mice and decreased hepatic antioxidant capacity inducing lipid peroxides generation which may act a main role in the pathology associated with bilharziasis.25, 29 Furthermore, S. mansoni caused oxidative stress in different mice organs such as brain. Neuroschistosomiasis induced reduction of GSH level and increased nitrite/nitrate and MDA levels. Otherwise, gold nanoparticles (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) injection to schistosome infected mice ameliorated GSH level and reduced levels of nitrite/nitrate and MDA in brain.28 In the present study, AuNPs injection (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) to schistosome infected mice showed a significant down-regulation of IL-1ÃŽÂ ², IL-6, TNFÃŽÂ ±, IFNÃŽÂ ³and iNOs-mRNA expressions in hepatic tissue versus infected mice. IL-1 and TNF-ÃŽÂ ± are the major pro-inflammatory cytokine, they considered as alarm cytokines which secreted by macrophages. IL-1 plays a role in initiation and propagation of the inflammation by stimulating the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells and leukocytes. In addition, TNF-ÃŽÂ ± may aggravate fibrosis and ameliorate the granulomatous reaction results from presence of schistosome eggs. So, in mice lacking of IL-1ÃŽÂ ² gene, characterized by delayed disease development and declined systemic inflammatory responses.30, 31 Moreover, lower expression of IL-6 and IL-1ÃŽÂ ² (pro-inflammatory cytokines) cause a down modulation of granulomatous inflammation and hepatocyte necrosis.32Also, Macrophages could be activate to produce NO and other inflammatory mediators by IFNÃŽÂ ³ is which considered as an important inducer of iNOs. In addition, Abdallahi et al.33detectediNOs mRNA in the liver at the onset of parasite egg laying; the authors cleared that the levels then increased as the eggs accumulated liver.34 However, Mwatha et al.35 reported that increased TNFÃŽÂ ³ is correlated with the development of severe hepatosplenic disease. Khan et al.36 concluded that gold nanoparticles (50 nm) showed a normal level of IL-6 gene expression in hepatic tissue of rat on day 5 of injection meanwhile, IL-1ÃŽÂ ², TNFÃŽÂ ± m-RNA expression was down regulated significantly on day 5. Moreover, nanoparticles of gold have no cytotoxic effect as they decrease the production of reactive oxygen species and do not stimulate secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFà °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¼and IL1-à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ½) making them suitable candidates for nanomedicine.37, 38Gold nanoparticles are not induced apoptosis, moreover, not activated gene expression related to oxidative stress and inflammatory response (TNFà °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¼) while their low reactivity with biomolecules and cells provides a promising medical platform.39 Conclusion Collectively, our investigations suggest that the way in which AuNPs exert their ameliorating effects on Schistosomiasis mansoni promoted oxidative stress may be attributed to its ability to scavenging free radicals , and that this action could find a clinical use in the treatment of hepatic dysfunction in schistosomiasis. Additional studies are still necessary, however, with a view to clarify the exact mechanism of this modulatory effect, and to examine its potential therapeutic effects in more detail.

Women and Advertisements Essay examples -- Beauty Media Essays Adverti

Women and Advertisements The average American is exposed to hundreds of advertisements per day. Advertisements targeted toward females have an enormous effect on women's thoughts, attitudes, perceptions, and actions. Most of the time, women don't even realize these advertisements are formulating self-image issues. These ideals surround them daily and they become naturalized to the ads. Advertising creates an entire worldview persuading women to emulate the images they see all around them. In order to create a market for their products, companies constantly prey upon women's self esteem, to feel like they aren't good enough just the way they are. This makes women constantly feel stressed out about their appearance (Moore). Advertising has a negative effect on women's body image, health, and self-esteem. Advertising creates a mythical dream world where there are no problems, everyone is beautiful, and has money to spare. Advertisements depict the way in which people think women and men are â€Å"supposed to be† (Cortese 52). Women are shown all these images as role models, which are unattainable. Females are not able to be happy with their bodies because everyday in the media they are told that they are not beautiful. The average American woman is 5 feet tall and weighs 142 pounds. When is the last time you saw a women meeting these qualifications in any advertisement? The truth is most people don't have the genetic potential to be the idealized shape and size in our culture (â€Å"Every†). Women are doomed from the beginning. The media favors one women's body type; the tall blonde with perfect, tan skin and long, beautiful hair. Because the images of women in advertisements are unattainable, it keeps them purchasing new products in their quest to be like the models they see (Moore). The actual women in these advertisements can't even match up to the image of themselves in real life. They are almost computer-generated women like in the movie Simone. Indeed, with the technology we have now, advertisers can transform a product into perfection, at the same time, misleading the consumer into seeing it as â€Å"real†, and thus permanently providing impossible standards (Ingham). More and more women are becoming dissatisfied with themselves trying to be this fantasy person created by the men in our society. This distorted view of reality, portrayed by advertisemen... ...m, corporations will do anything to make a buck, including forcing women and girls to suffer health problems, low self-esteem, depression, and the adoption of subservient roles in society. Socialism would lay the basis for women's liberation. Advertising would no longer suffocate and distort women's sense of self-worth. A society based on equality and mutual respect would finally eliminate the second-class status women have held for thousands of years (Moore). If a women can't be happy with her body than she is not able to teach her children that their bodies are beautiful. Children are taught that fat is unlikable. They assume that all fat people eat all the time, are dirty, lazy, stupid, cheaters, and other negative images. Advertisers need to take into consideration the changing roles and sizes of women in society. Society is starting to accept other cultures, religions, and races, but they still don't accept people that don't have fit the â€Å"normal† body size. Beaut y is in the eye of the beholder, but if advertisements helped reinforce the many different definitions of beauty it would decrease the number of women who have poor body image, low-self esteem, and health problems.

Education in Wuthering Heights Essay

Education of the 18th and 19th century connects closely to the gender association of this period. Men from wealthy families were the only persons provided the opportunity to be educated at the university level. Just as many men use golf to prove their status and superiority today, these gentlemen pursued cricket and rugby. Another similarity with society today involves the importance of personal connections to further your education possibilities and business opportunities. Social standing was extremely important during this time. â€Å"Manners, money, birth, occupation and leisure time were crucial indicators of social standing, determining not only one’s place in society but one’s freedom to act, speak, learn, and earn† (Longman p. 1886). (alternate view on Victorian society) In the Victorian Era, social class was not solely dependent upon the amount of money a person had; rather, the source of income, birth, and family connections played a major role in determining one’s position in society. And, significantly, most people accepted their place in the hierarchy. In addition to money, manners, speech, clothing, education, and values revealed a person’s class. The three main classes were the elite class, the middle class, and the working class. Further divisions existed within these three class distinctions. The struggle between social classes roughly resembles a real-life conflict during this time. The book was published during the Industrial Revolution, a time of great economic change in which laborers fought for fair conditions in the workplace, and employers fought to defend themselves. People formed groups to work for their own benefit, thus, causing the separation of classes THE GENERAL EFFECT THAT STRESS ON EDUCATION AND THUS SOCIAL CLA SS BRINGS OUT IN THE NOVEL: Education is the one of the central themes in Wuthering Heights, it brings about social status and class distinction in the novel, one of the major differences that we witness between Class struggle is a central theme found in wuthering heights. Class determines hatred, marriage, financial situation and occupation in Wuthering heights. The strict guidelines of class structure break hearts, bring about marriages without love and affect the physical and emotional wellbeing of every character. Even the two main houses in Emily Bronte’s novel reflects the difference education imparts on the character’s dispositions and behaviour. The setting of the story at Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange provides a clear example of social contrast. While the Heights is depicted as simply typical and â€Å"domestic† and associated with uneducated characters: (Nelly, Heathcliff, Hareton, Zillah and Joseph) the Grange is described as a â€Å"scene of unprecedented richness† (80). Each house is associated with behaviour fitting the description. For example, when Catherine is taken into the Grange, she experiences drastic changes, thus going from a â€Å"savage† to a â€Å"lady† (80). While at this house, she rises in status, learns manners, and receives great privileges such as not having to work due to being acquaintances with the educated Isabella and Linton. Heathcliff, on the other hand, learns to classify himself as a member of the lower class, as he does not possess the education of those at the Grange. THE EFFECT OF EDUCATION (OR LACK OF EDUCATION) ON THE CHARACTERS IN WUTHERING HEIGHTS: *MY IDEA IS THAT THE THEME OF CLASS AND EDUCATION ARE INTERLINKED. EDUCATION BREEDS CLASS AS SEEN IN THE CHARACTERS OF EDGAR LINTON, ISABELLA, CATHERING EARNSHAW (TO SOME EXTENT) AND CATHERINE LINTON HEATHCLIFF: †¢Education in Wuthering Heights leads to a better understanding of class and society. The fact that Heathcliff is deprived of an education, immediately lowers his class and ranks him among the servants of Wuthering Heights, emphasized when Catherine Earnshaw returns to Wuthering Heights after her stay at the Lintons. (chapter 7) :† why how very black and cross you look!and how- how funny and grim! But that’s because I’m used to Edgar and Isabella Linton.† †¢Even though Wuthering Heights’ two families live out in the middle of nowhere, they still abide by the constraints of class. Brontà « lets us know through Catherine’s aspirations to marry Edgar Linton that Thrushcross Grange is a far superior manor to the sprawling farmhouse at Wuthering Heights. Now, the Lintons and the Earnshaws are both members of the middle class – between the working class and the elite – as they have servants running the house. But marriage to Edgar Linton is still the means through which Catherine becomes the â€Å"greatest woman of the neighbourhood† (9.59) while, as she tells Nelly, â€Å"Did it never strike you that if Heathcliff and I married, we should be beggars? whereas if I marry Linton, I can aid Heathcliff to rise and place him out of my brother’s power† (9.99). Being an orphan with no family ties and no land, Heathcliff is the lowest on the totem pole. That Hindley denies Heathcliff an education implies that he is trying to force him to become a servant (which is how he, in fact, refers to him several times). So it makes sense that Heathcliff’s revenge is tied directly to the novel’s class issues, because property ownership is one of the privileges of the middle class and above. :† He drove him from their company to the servants, deprived him of the instructions of the curate, and insisted that he should labour out of doors instead; compelling him to do s o as hard as any other lad on the farm. (6.9)† †¢Heathcliff is brought up in a middle class environment with the earnshaws and then into a working class when Hindley takes over custody of Heathcliff. Heathcliff originally was of low working class, being a gypsy (a poor nomadic race of people) and had dark skin. His ethnic disposition worked against him when being judged by the Earnshaws and Linton’s. This leads to the constant belittling of Heathcliff by Hindley and the Lintons ultimately resulted in his loss of Catherine and his motivation in bring about the downfalls of the Earnshaws and Lintons. †¢Heathcliff is an orphan; therefore, his station is below everyone else in Wuthering Heights. It was unheard of to raise someone from the working class as a member of the middle-to-upper middle class. Even Nelly, who was raised with the Earnshaw children, understood her place below her childhood friends. When Mr. Earnshaw elevates the status of Heathcliff, eventually favoring him to his own son, this goes against societal norms. This combination of elevation and usurpation is why Hindley returns Heathcliff to his previous low station after the death of Mr. Earnshaw, and that is why Heathcliff relishes in the fact that Hindley’s son Hareton is reduced to the level of a common, uneducated labourer. †¢Due to the fact that Heathcliff is uneducated Catherine begins to prefer Edgar Linton’s society simply because Edgar is able to discuss more intellectual topics than Heathcliff, thus due to his lack of education and class distinct he lost the love of his life, Catherine. †¢Only after he becomes educated and more genteel does he garner more respect in the novel. †¢When Heathcliff returns, having money is not enough for Edgar to consider him a part of acceptable society, as he is not educated. Heathcliff uses his role as the outcast to encourage Isabella’s infatuation. The feelings that both Catherine and Isabella have for Heathcliff, the common laborer, cause them to lose favor with their brothers. Hindley and Edgar cannot accept the choices their sisters make and therefore, withdraw their love. When a woman betrays her class, she is betraying her family and her class — both unacceptable actions. †¢It should be noted that Heathcliff uses the Victorian’s obsession with class distinct and education against his enemies. They are tools of his revenge. CATHERINE: †¢Social class and education must be the reason Catherine marries Edgar; she is attracted to the social comforts he can supply her. No other plausible explanation exists. Catherine naively thinks she can marry Edgar and then use her position and his money to assist Heathcliff, but that would never happen. †¢The fact that her own brother Hindley deprives her true love, Heathcliff of an education makes Catherine realize the fact that Heathcliff would never be of any consequence to society as in Victorian times education and class distinct ran hand in hand. This is what broadens the chasm between Catherine and her childhood companion Heathcliff as she comes back from her stay at the Lintons. †¢It is Heathcliff’s lack of education that drives her into the society of the Lintons. †¢The fact that Hindley deprives Heathcliff of an education cements Cathy’s view of Heathcliff as a tyrant and causes a chasm between brother and sister. †¢The fact that education is such an important part of Victorian society is emphasized by Catherine’s choice to marry Linton rather than Heathcliff. Catherine’s decision to marry Edgar Linton rather than Heathcliff, and this decision widens the gap between social classes. Edgar Linton is a wealthy man of high status and education, and Heathcliff is poor and possesses no assets. Catherine does not consider personal feelings, but instead, she focuses on her outward appearance to society. â€Å"Edgar Linton will be rich and I shall like to be the greatest woman of the neighborhood whereas if Heathcliff and I married, we should be beggars (81).† It is obvious that wealth justifies social class, and Catherine strives to achieve high status. HINDLEY: †¢Out of all the characters in the novel, Hindley seems to be the most worldly, from a young age he is sent off to college, mainly due to his father’s deference to Heathcliff. This causes us to believe that he is more exposed to Victorian class distinction, more than the other characters of the novel as he is sagacious enough that he discovers that by depriving Heathcliff of an education he ultimately separates him from Catherine as he is then ranked among a servant. †¢Due to Heathcliff, in a cyclical turn of events, Hindley’s own son due a combination of his own neglect and Heathcliff’s cruelty is deprived of education. The fact that he is deprived of education deprives him of any social consequence and his own birthright, emphasizing Emily Bronte’s theme that class and social standing can’t exist without education. EDGAR LINTON: †¢Edgar Linton is a wealthy and well-educated with a noticeably higher ranking than the tenants of Wuthering Heights. †¢Although his rank has made him rather weak- willed and effeminate in character. (Emily Bronte seems to associate the genteel class with slightly effeminate characteristics) he is well educated and this leads him to win the heart of Catherine. †¢His high social status and education make him dislike Heathcliff whom he regards as a ‘gypsy’, his wife and sister’s regard for a man with such low education is a cause for his extreme dislike towards Heathcliff †¢Edgar embodies Victorian society’s idea of a well- educated. Cultured gentleman. Emily Bronte uses Edgar to depict the value of education in such a society, he is a complete contrast to the character of Heathcliff. HARETON: †¢while Hareton’s outward behaviour might suggest a lack of character, he responds to Cathy’s beauty and love by striving to improve his mind. Hareton realizes the importance of education in Victorian society. †¢Heathcliff’s revenge on him is to make Hareton a double of a younger Heathcliff, by denying Hareton his right to an education he makes Hareton less than a servant in Victorian society. This is emphasized by Linton Heathcliff and Catherine Linton’s treatment of him. CATHERINE LINTON: †¢Wuthering heights is famous due to Emily Bronte’s use of doubles or ‘shadowing’ both mother (Catherine Earnshaw) and daughter (Catherine Linton) share a distate for those characters with a lack of education, emphasizing the Victorian era’s obsession with education and the important role it played in class distinction. †¢Catherine Linton shows distaste and even disgust towards her uneducated cousin Hareton, she is shocked that they are related and mocks him with her more cultured cousin Linton Heathcliff †¢It is Catherine’s distaste at Hareton’s lack of education that prevents her from seeing the aid Hareton was attempting to provide when she is forcibly taken to Wuthering Heights by Heathcliff. Isabella: †¢Isabella’s regard for the ‘gypsy’, Heathcliff who she pays no mind to as a child only grows when he returns from his expeditions as an educated man. †¢When Isabella marries Heathcliff she betrays her cultured and educated upbringing leading to estrangement from her brother this emphasizes the chasm that Heathcliff’s lack of education creates throughout the book, separating characters and damaging relationships. It also shows the social unacceptability of being uneducated in England in the Victorian era. QUOTATIONS REPRESENTING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF EDUCATION IN THE NOVEL: (the quotes are cited chapter.paragraph) †¢He drove him from their company to the servants, deprived him of the instructions of the curate, and insisted that he should labour out of doors instead; compelling him to do so as hard as any other lad on the farm. (6.9) ïÆ'ËœHindley’s project to punish his father’s favorite begins as soon as the old man dies. To make Heathcliff a farmhand, bereft of education (instructions), is to put him in the lowest possible position. The gentry never work with their hands. †¢[Hindley] wished earnestly to see her bring honour to the family by an alliance with the Lintons, and as long as she let him alone she might trample on us like slaves, for aught he cared! (9.152) Hindley has designs on the Lintons’ social status. Nelly resents the treatment she receives from Catherine. Nelly (who is speaking here) may not be a slave, but she is a servant – yet more often than not she acts like a family member. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"but he yielded completely and there was no prevailing on him to take a step in the way of moving upward, when he found he must necessarily sink beneath his former level† chapter 8 †¢:†what good do I get- what do you talk about†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦or for anything you fo either!† chapter 8 †¢:†and he will be rich and i†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..husband† chapter 9 †¢:†and the curate doesn’t teach you to read and write,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Heathcliff had promised that† chapter 10 †¢:†papa is gone to fetch†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.relationship with such a clown† chapter 4 volume 2 †¢:†he has satisfied my expectations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.he takes pride in his brutishness† chapter 7 volume 2. †¢:†he does not know his letters†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.dunce?† †¢:†Mr H areton is not envious†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..in a few years† chapter 16 volume 2 †¢:†and tell him if he’ll take it†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..never tease him again.† Chapter 18 volume 2 EDUCATION IN THE COLOR PURPLE: Walker also makes it evident to readers the level of education many of the blacks in the novel had received, which is representative of the black community in the South as a whole in those days. As Walker shows, many females did not finish school, and were instead married away at early ages. Also, many young males were not able to attend school long, considering they were needed to help farm the land. Because of this, most of dialogue in the book is written as if an uneducated person was trying to speak English. For example, many sentences appear to have not only spelling, but grammatical errors as well, such as â€Å"Where us going? ast the oldest girl.† In one of the main character’s, Celie, letters to her sister Nettie, she comments on how two women are trying to teach her how to â€Å"talk†. She states, â€Å"She say us not so hot. A dead country give-away. You say US where most people say WE, she say, and peoples think you dumb. Colored peoples think you a hick and white folks be amuse.† However, in Nettie’s letters to Celie, Walker uses correct grammar and spelling. This is because Nettie was more educated than most of the black people in the South, going to school for many years. Therefore, Walker is using the two sister’s English to show a direct contradiction in the way most blacks in the South at that time spoke, and the way a few that were schooled well spoke. Thus, the reader is able to gauge the education level of the characters in the book by their dialogue. This level is in direct correlation with the level of education of the blacks that really did exist in the South after the Civil War, due to lack of school funding and time for learning. Celie’s point of view is particularly interested. Unlike Nettie, Celie is an uneducated woman, having been forced to drop out of school around the age of fourteen when she became pregnant by her Pa. Her lack of education is apparent from her poor spelling and grammar. Nettie, however, is educated. Her spelling and grammar are correct, and her letters discuss more complex topics, such as women’s rights, civil rights, religion, politics, and more. However, it isn’t only Nettie that has an interesting story to tell. Despite Celie’s poor educational background, Celie tells a powerful story. In this sense, Walker’s chosen narrator shows that all people, including poor, uneducated, victimized black women have an important story to tell. QUOTES ABOUT EDUCATION IN THE COLOR PURPLE: †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Olinka girls do not believe girls should be educated. When I asked a mother why she thought this, she said: A girl is nothing to herself; only to her husband can she become something. What can she become? I asked. Why, she said, the mother of his children But I am not the mother of anybody’s children, I said, and I am something.† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"She say us not so hot. A dead country give-away. You say US where most people say WE, she say, and peoples think you dumb. Colored peoples think you a hick and white folks be amuse.† †¢Why do they say I will be a wife of the chief? asks Olivia. That is as high as they can think, I tell her. He is fat and shiny with huge perfect teeth. She thinks she has nightmares about him. You will grow up to be a strong Christian woman, I tell her. Someone who helps her people to advance. You will be a teacher or a nurse. You will travel. You will know many people greater than the chief. Will Tashi? she wants to know. Yes, I tell her, Tashi too. (62.13-18) †¢Tashi is very intelligent, I said. She could be a teacher. A nurse. She could help the people in the village. There is no place here for a woman to do those things, he said. Then we should leave, I said. Sister Corrine and I. No, no, he said. Teach only the boys? I asked. Yes, he said, as if my question was agreement. There is a way that the men speak to women that reminds me too much of Pa. (63.14-20)

How to Measure Motion in Plate Tectonics

How to Measure Motion in Plate Tectonics The lithospheric plates are the sections of Earths crust and upper mantle that move- very slowly- over the lower mantle below. We know that these plates move from two different lines of evidence- geodetic and geologic- which allow us to trace their movements back in geologic time. Geodetic Plate Motion Geodesy, the science of measuring the Earths shape and positions on it, allows us to measure plate motion directly using GPS, the Global Positioning System. This network of satellites is more stable than the Earths surface, so when a whole continent moves somewhere at a few centimeters per year, GPS can tell. The longer we record this information, the more accurate it becomes, and in much of the world, the numbers are already quite precise. Another thing GPS can show us is tectonic movements within plates. One assumption behind plate tectonics is that the lithosphere is rigid, and indeed that is still a sound and useful assumption. But parts of the plates are soft in comparison, like the Tibetan Plateau and the western American mountain belts. GPS data helps us separate blocks that move independently, even if only by a few millimeters per year. In the United States, the Sierra Nevada and Baja California micro-plates have been distinguished this way. Geologic Plate Motion: Present Three different geologic methods help determine the trajectories of plates: paleomagnetic, geometric, and seismic. The paleomagnetic method is based on the Earths magnetic field. In every volcanic eruption, iron-bearing minerals (mostly magnetite) become magnetized by the prevailing field as they cool. The direction in which theyre magnetized points to the nearest magnetic pole. Because oceanic lithosphere forms continuously by volcanism at spreading ridges, the whole oceanic plate bears a consistent magnetic signature. When the Earths magnetic field reverses direction, as it does for reasons not fully understood, the new rock takes on the reversed signature. Thus most of the seafloor has a striped pattern of magnetizations as if it were a piece of paper emerging from a fax machine (only its symmetrical across the spreading center). The differences in magnetization are slight, but sensitive magnetometers on ships and aircraft can detect them. The most recent magnetic-field reversal was 781,000 years ago, so mapping that reversal gives us a good idea of plate movements in the most recent geologic past. The geometric method gives us the spreading direction to go with the spreading speed. Its based on the transform faults along the mid-ocean ridges. If you look at a spreading ridge on a map, it has a stair-step pattern of segments at right angles. If the spreading segments are the treads, the transforms are the risers that connect them. Carefully measured, these transforms reveal directions of spread. With plate speeds and directions, we have velocities that can be plugged into equations. These velocities match the GPS measurements nicely. Seismic methods use the focal mechanisms of earthquakes to detect the orientation of faults. Although less accurate than paleomagnetic mapping and geometry, these methods are useful for measuring plate movements in parts of the globe that arent well mapped and have fewer GPS stations. Geologic Plate Motion: Past We can extend measurements into the geologic past in several ways. The simplest one is to extend paleomagnetic maps of the oceanic plates out from the spreading centers. Magnetic maps of the seafloor translate precisely into age maps. These maps also reveal how the plates changed velocity as collisions jostled them into rearrangements. Unfortunately, the seafloor is relatively young, no more than about 200 million years old, because it eventually disappears beneath other plates by subduction. As we look deeper into the past, we must rely more and more on paleomagnetism in continental rocks. As plate movements have rotated the continents, the ancient rocks have turned with them, and where their minerals once indicated north, they now point somewhere else, toward apparent poles. When you plot these apparent poles on a map, they appear to wander away from true north as rock ages go back in time. In fact, north does not change (usually), and the wandering paleo-poles tell a story of wandering continents. Together, the methods listed above allow us to produce an integrated timeline of the movement of the lithospheric plates, a tectonic travelogue that leads smoothly up to the present.

Skirmish of 1692 essays

Skirmish of 1692 essays The elitist Spanish accounts make an attempt to put the Indians at the center of conflict, and accuse them of behaving ungratefully at a time in which the viceroy had tried to alleviate the corn shortage in good conscious. Don Juan de Escalante y Mendoza, the court attorney who had to prepare a report for the incident, insisted that the Indians were primarily to blame and it was necessary to contain the unrestrained boldness of a people who have betrayed the faithfulness and loyalty of vassalage with an action as unjust as it was unforeseen. He also insisted that the castas were to blame, for they had intoxicated the Indians with alcohol. Cope notes in Chapter 2, that the Spaniards had believed the racially mixed plebeians were capable of doing great harm and being malicious; therefore, they were immoral and capable of doing wrong for no apparent reason. Using this common social sentiment of the other races, Spaniards made the assumptions that such behavior was natural to the Indians and inherent in their own race. Siguenza y Gongora follows the same suit, insisting that the harvests were abundant; the Indian women were actually profiting, and that in an act of ungraciousness they (the Indians) brought about unjust uprising. Much of these statements sent were sent to the king, whom the Spanish colonials did not want to think that the non-Spaniards were being treated poorly, and supposedly this riot occurred because the Spanish colonials were unfit rulers. According to Cope, the Spaniards could provide no other explanation for this other than adopting the stereotypical view of the Indians as being savage and barbaric, and, therefore, ungrateful and very much capable of showing spontaneous resentment towards Spanish rule. This view of Indians explains why the elitist accounts are very much biased and reveal the Spanish prejudices of Indians. What did the authorities do to help? Authorities did indee...

Diversity of APAs as the Main Notion of The Wedding Banquet Film Movie Review

Diversity of APAs as the Main Notion of The Wedding Banquet Film - Movie Review Example For many people Asian and Pacific Islanders look quite identical, having the same traits of character and features. However, this assumption is totally fallacious. Like any other nation, Asians have diverse representatives of people’s tempers and natures, among which you can find individuals with their own peculiarities, problems, and visions. The diversity of APAs is the main notion of such movie like The Wedding Banquet by Ang Lee that tries to show Chinese culture and traditions in a full way. The mentioned film tells a story about a young man from China, Wai Tung, who lives in New York in a flat on Manhattan with his boyfriend. Persistent parents of the main hero, being unaware of their son’s preferences, have long-awaited intention to marry Wai Tung and see grandchildren. Taking the guy’s destiny in own hands, they enroll him into Taipei’s best club for single people, asking him to fill the required form with a description of his imaginary ideal woman . Without a desire to argue with his mother Wai writes to her that he wants a wife who is an opera singer, speaks several languages and has two PhDs. Being not even interested in opera or physics, he makes all those conditions up only to satisfy his mother. However, talking to his lover, Wai Tung admits â€Å"You are right. It’s kind of stupid, all these lies. But I’m used to it† (The Wedding Banquet). Later on, Simon suggests his boyfriend the plan of fictitious marriage to soothe and suppress assistance of Wai’s parents. It is important to mention that Wei Wei, the girl who rents Wai Tung’s flat and agrees to marry him, represents typical foreigner in America. She has lost her job because of which now she has no money for living and even her rent fee she pays with her paintings.

Integrated Marketing communication plan of Honda Civic in the US Assignment

Integrated Marketing communication plan of Honda Civic in the US - Assignment Example Communication plays a pivotal role in determining the success of an organisation in as much as marketing of the product offered is concerned. It can be observed that modern communication technology has made dramatic changes in the contemporary marketing communication landscape given that the consumers are now able to evaluate the choice of the goods they want. On the other hand, the marketers are also aware of these indispensable changes brought about by new information and communication technology and these have compelled them to adopt the use of an integrated marketing communication plan in their operations. An integrated marketing communication (IMC) plan is ideal for Honda Civic in the US. In order to outline the communication plan that can be used by Honda, it is important to begin by explaining the meaning of IMC concept in order to gain a full understanding of it. Basically, an integrated marketing communication can be defined as, â€Å"a concept of marketing communication planning that recognises the added value of a comprehensive plan that evaluates the strategic roles of a variety of communication disciplines such as advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, direct marketing, public relations, sponsorship,† (Cant, 2000 p.285).... ises the added value of a comprehensive plan that evaluates the strategic roles of a variety of communication disciplines such as advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, direct marketing, public relations, sponsorship,† (Cant, 2000 p.285). These communication channels are integrated and coordinated to deliver a clear, consistent and compelling message about the organisation and its products. Kotler & Armstrong, 2004 also posit to the effect that all the corporate messages, positioning and images, and identity are coordinated across all marketing communication venues which reinforce the image and identity of the organisation. The main objectives of marketing communication mainly depend with what the company seeks to achieve through the integration of different communication disciplines. As such, Honda’s IMC plan should include the effective use of advertising, personal selling, public relations, direct marketing as well as sales promotion. In this case, the aim of the IMC will be to create loyal customers through giving them the right information about a particular product or brand offered. Against this background, this report seeks to develop an IMC plan for Honda Civic. According to AutofairHonda (2011), the 2011 Honda Civic GX is powered by natural gas and it does not use fossil fuels like other conventional vehicles. This model of car was developed after the realisation that the environment also needed to be protected given that carbon gas emissions from vehicles significantly contribute to global warming which is seen as an environmental concern across the whole world. Honda Civic 2011 is a luxury vehicle which is environmental friendly. However, of notable concern is the fact that this particular type of vehicle appeals to a unique segment and this is

Mental Process Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mental Process - Research Paper Example It is an operation, which has an effect on the mental contents of an individual. It can also be seen as the thinking process or the cognitive remembrance operation. Overall, it is all the different things that an individual can do with his or her mind including emotion, volition, reasoning, belief, conception, imagination, creativity, memory, introspection, and perception. 1. Compare and Contrast the Four Styles of Creative Intelligence and their Influence on Organizational Decision Making. Intuition is focused on the production of results and is reliant on experiences in the guidance of decisions (Bara, 2010). Most people consider the implications of comprehending the past as most believe that a majority of mistakes can be escaped if one understands its historical significance. Every organization, from a perspective of business, needs to consider patterns and exhibit caution at every turn. Strategic planning lets organizations prepare for possible scenarios via the forecasting of al l outcomes that are possible (Bara, 2010). Some of the biggest successes, as well as failures, can be traced back to reliance on results that are past. Businesses will consider several factors, for example, the market’s current conditions, segmentation, objectives, and experiences that it relates to in the past. The mindset of inspiration is focused on the change in society and the presentation of dedication aimed at changing results (Bara, 2010). People whose working is grounded in this mindset are imbued with positive energy and are able to remain focused, motivated, and logical. Organizations that possess this type of individual are enabled in their ability to visualize situations currently and use that as inspiration to create a positive future outcome. These individuals have the ability to promote change, which could limit the organization in a number of ways (Bara, 2010). They have a tendency to lose focus on everyday functions, as they are highly adept at assessment of the bigger picture. The style of imagination targets artistic individuals, who enjoy writing, and show qualities of strong leadership (Brown, 2006). Individuals with this mindset show the ability to visualize various scenarios. They possess a huge impact in the process of decision making especially in organizations where there are chaotic times since they are able to visualize beyond the current situation, which gives them excellent coping skills for solution for problems. They have an ability that is unique in their ability to remain confident and poised which rubs of on the rest of the organization. They also inspire others allowing them plan for and envision the future. One limitation is that these people are not totally focused on the immediate future, which could be problematic since all aspects should be placed in perspective (Brown, 2006). Individuals using the innovative style tend to stick to the issues before them and on evidence (Brown, 2006). It is the most logical of t he styles since it is clearly focused on evidence that is visible like data. However, this makes it impossible to see the organization’s apparent vision, which it is attempting to achieve. Successful organizations need a balance of different mindsets, which are found suited well to different roles. Precision is needed by all industries and organizations thus innovation is vital. This mindset comes