The Psychological Effects Of Slavery In Toni Morrisons...

To describe many of the major characters in the novel, Beloved by Toni Morrison, Carol Iannone describes, â€Å"the psychological and emotional effects of being owned—of having no sense of self, of fearing to trust or to love when anything can be taken away at any time.† (â€Å"Toni Morrison’s Career,† Commentary 84(6), December 1987, 63). Morrison and Iannone emphasize the results of the countless horrific events and abuse by plantation owners during the era of slavery. The extensive use of African Americans has been deeply embedded in America’s history just as the memories and knowledge of slavery have been deeply embedded into a person. In Beloved, Sethe and her children have escaped slavery, only to be encountered by the spirit of her lost child†¦show more content†¦Having to already experienced slavery, Baby Suggs couldn’t control her feeling of anxiety as she waits for Halle’s arrival from Sweet Home plantation to 124 Bluestone Road. In Baby Suggs’s mind, it is filled with worries and â€Å"thought s that if Halle made it, God do what He would, it would be a cause for a celebration...When the children arrived and no Sethe, she was afraid and grateful,† (Morrison 135). Baby Suggs was too anxious to have any sort of celebration because she was too accustomed to negativity and personal loss from her time in slavery. Although Baby Suggs is happy that the children made it safely to 124, she truly desired her only loving child, Halle, to return to her. Her reputation is destroyed when her generosity was mistaken for pride. 124 Bluestone Road used to be a happy and peaceful place until the four horsemen arrive to take back Sethe and her children. Baby Suggs withdraws herself from the community and rots away after witnessing this dehumanizing event: â€Å"two boys bled in the sawdust at the feet of a nigger woman holding a blood-soaked child to her chest with one hand and an infant by the heels in the other,† (Morrison 149). Baby Suggs transforms from a loving religious figure into a slave of this dreadful memory. The loss of Sethe, Denver, and Beloved reminds Baby Suggs of her children’s loss, which prevented her from moving on with her life. The remembrance of her slave lifeShow MoreRelatedSlave Narratives: Beloved by Toni Morrison1644 Words   |  7 Pageswitness it. Slave narratives are memoirs that were written while slavery was still legalized, for example Harriet Jacob’s â€Å"Incidents in the life of a Slave Girl†. However, Toni Morrison’s â€Å"Beloved† is considered a neo-slave narrative because it is a story that is written after the abolishment of slavery. These stories of slavery still haunt Americans, black and white. Slave narratives are significant because there are psychological scars that are still existent, whether they are seen or not. SarahRead MoreToni Morrison s Beloved : Dehumanization Of Slavery And Its Effects On African Americans And Their Basic Forms Of1268 Words   |  6 PagesToni Morrison’s Beloved shows the dehumanization of slavery and its effects on African-Americans and their basic forms of existence—specifically motherhood. Morrison depicts the strong maternal bond between Sethe and her children. Most importantly, her use of Sethe’s controversial act of infanticide shows the lengths that Sethe will take to protect her children from slavery. Morrison’s depiction of Sethe’s motherhood shows how slavery has deconstructed the Eurocentric expectations and traditionsRead M oreToni Morrisons Beloved Essay868 Words   |  4 Pagesan emotional shock causing lasting and substantial damage to a person’s psychological development. Linda Krumholz in the African American Review claims the book Beloved by Toni Morrison aids the nation in the recovery from our traumatic history that is blemished with unfortunate occurrences like slavery and intolerance. While this grand effect may be true, one thing that is absolute is the lesson this book preaches. Morrison’s basic message she wanted the reader to recognize is that life happens,Read MoreBeloved : A Reconstruction Of Our Past1705 Words   |  7 PagesCrossley Short Close Reading Paper #2 November 20, 2015 Beloved: A reconstruction of our past Beloved by Toni Morrison is a reconstruction of history told by the African American perspective, a perspective that is often shadowed or absent in literature. Her novel presents a cruel demonstration of the horrors endured by slaves and the emotional and psychological effects it created for the African American community. It unmasks the realities of slavery, in which we are presented with the history of eachRead MoreBeloved by Toni Morrison1455 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, numerous people were victims of slavery. Many people were tortured and worked to death and suffered horrifically. Not many slaves knew their mothers because they were torn from their homes. Many slave women were robbed of their innocence by their masters. Behind the face of every slave, there is always a very traumatic unforgettable story which is not something to pass on, but a lesson to remember from repeating same mistake again. Only a handful of slaves learned to read andRead More Character of Bel oved in Toni Morrisons Beloved Essays2510 Words   |  11 PagesThe Character of Beloved in Toni Morrisons Beloved Perhaps one of the most important issues in Toni Morrisons award-winning novel Beloved is Morrisons intentional diversity of possible interpretations. However the text is looked at and analyzed, it is the variety of these multiple meanings that confounds any simple interpretation and gives the novel the complexity. The debate rages on over many topics, but one issue of central and basic importance to the understanding of the novel is definingRead MoreGender Roles In Slavery In Toni Morrisons Beloved756 Words   |  4 PagesDuring slavery, African American men and women were subject to cruel labor and punishment throughout the Americas. They were beaten, abused, and forced to toil for long hours, burdened with the weight of an astronomical workload. In Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved, she is able to capture this aspect of slavery by identifying gender roles and the effects of slavery on laborers. The narrative tells the story of a runaway slave named Sethe who has found freedom in Cincinnati after escaping Sweet HomeRead MoreThe Effects of Violence in Beloved Essay1050 Words   |  5 PagesAmericans during and after slavery explores the many horrific acts of violence. Violence manifests itself in people both physically and psychologically. Physical wounds may heal over time, but it is the emotional scarring that begins to take a toll on the human mind. The novel, Beloved, by Toni Morrison revolves around the character of Sethe, an African American woman who recently escaped from a slave plantation. Sethes home on 124 Bluestone Road is haunted by her daughter, Beloved, whom Sethe murderedRead MoreEssay about The Association of Maternal Bonds and Identity in Beloved1583 Words   |  7 PagesToni Morrison’s novel, Beloved, is a â€Å"haunting stray of a mother’s love that frames a series of irrelated love stories by multiple narrators† (Bell 61). The main character Sethe is a mother who fails to realize her children’s needs. She attempts to protect her children from the community amongst many other dangers such as slavery and love, however ultimately isolating them. Sethe’s character as well as actions confirms the â€Å"struggle and psychological trauma of slavery† (Napierkowski 35) from whichRead MoreSlavery And Social Criticism In Toni Morrisons Beloved1999 Words   |  8 PagesToni Morrison’s Beloved was not intended to stand alone as a story and novel; a standalone novel iswill be relevant, meaningful, effective and moving regardless of anything going on outside the world that the author has created. Beloved does not stand alone because it doesn’t render the world outside the novel unimportant; it is so integrated into the context of its time period and the one we live in now that to separate the book from its surroundings would be counterintuitive, and the primary message

The Ethics Of Virtue Ethics - 1796 Words

Although Hursthouse accepts that virtue ethics ‘†¦cannot tell us what we should do’, she nonetheless reasons in a different way to show how virtue ethics aids us. Furthermore, Hursthouse would refute virtue ethics being insufficiently action-guiding because we have v-rules in the form of virtues and vices to provide action-guidance (Hursthouse, 1999). Elizabeth Anscombe in ‘Modern Moral Philosophy’ (1958) also contributed to virtue ethics and put forward the idea that modern moral philosophy is misguided, asking if there can be any moral laws if there is no God. In turn questioning what does right and wrong even mean without a lawgiver? Her approach argued for a return to Aristotelian ethics, specifically on his idea of eudaimonia of†¦show more content†¦Despite these claims held by Aristotle, Hursthouse and Anscombe they are not strong enough to contend against the main assertion at hand of virtue ethics being insufficiently action-guiding. Such accounts fail ultimately because, they do not change the fact that virtue ethics does not provide any guidance for our actions. Principally, how can an ethical theory be judged on its sufficiency (hence why virtue ethics is insufficient) when it does not even promote any guidance for our actions in the first place? As a result of all the weaknesses discussed, it further validates my stance on how virtue ethics is insufficiently action-guiding. Despite virtue ethicists asking questions such as ‘how should I live my life?’ the fundamental problem continues to be echoed, for no guidance is given to support how I should do this. Robert Louden in ‘On Some Vices of Virtue Ethics’ supported this view, arguing how virtue ethics does not help anyone facing a crisis. This is primarily because virtue ethics fails to provide anything near to a rulebook for the moral life that a person could consult with, in shaping what they ought to do in certain situations. Surely, this is what is required for it to be seen as a successful moral theory and thus, explains why it provides little value to us as an action-guiding ethical system. Thus, virtue

Research Skills for Physical Activity Participation- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theResearch Skills for Physical Activity Participation. Answer: Summary Topic - When the Physical Activity Participation Promotes inactivity: Negative experiences of Spanish Adolescents in Physical Education and Sport. This article analyzes the negative effects cause from the sports and physical education. This method is to be proved by a qualitative analysis by taking interviews of some teenagers who doesnt do any physical activity. Physical inactivity is the most recent scenario in the Western industrialized societies and has become a great concern for the well being and public health. The Health department and World health Organization together are trying to support focus of the children and the youth in the physical activity. The teenagers who are physically not active and is habituated to lead mostly stationary lifestyles cannot experience the benefits of activities and exercises. Lack in physical activity a person may damage the proper growth and development in the health of teenagers and have a negative effect on their fitness and health. Lack of physical activity in teenager may leads to cardiovascular disease, increase in blood pressure, cholesterol and so on. Although performance is under stood as productive and gets efficient results for objectives, the value or the worth of the person depends on the performance of the person. There can be negative performances with respect to anxieties, struggles and disappointments. The culture in performativity contains as whole a series of knowledge and technologies. This paper has given the physical performance of the youth which has long been in research to create enjoyment. The procedure of research followed the quantitative data collection with semistructured interviews lasting for 45 minutes to 1 hour. This was the tape recorded interview with the inactive adolescents. There was comparative strategy for feeding the analysis of the results of inactivity and less of physical exercises. The informants in the quantitative phase were made of the activities that can be reported by own and estimated energy expenditure. The participants were aged from 17 to 18 years. The intensity of activity and the average values are assigned wit h the activities in epidemiological studies. The physical activity index was expressed in kcal/kg/day. The people who remain inactive generally they used to get rejection and exclusion from the peer group. The inactive students gave views on their bas experiences in the curriculum. This is the performativity culture which is often symbolized with violence. According to certain inactive girls, certain teachers showed more favoritism towards boys and gave better marks on the basis. This paper thus gave a research based study on the results of the physical inactive and the negative reasons and causes associated with it. Annotated Bibliography Beltrn-Carrillo, V. J., Devs-Devs, J., Peir-Velert, C., Brown, D. H. (2012). When physical activity participation promotes inactivity: Negative experiences of Spanish adolescents in physical education and sport. Youth Society, 44(1), 3-27. In this article Beltrn-Carrillo et al, (2012) reviews about the negative experiences of Spanish adolescents in physical education and sport which could be identified by the physical activity participation that promotes inactivity. The authors here tried to identify the root cause of the negative experiences and inactivity among the adolescents and whether it was linked to the social experiences. The method used was the qualitative data collection gathered from the academic year of 2004-2005 with semi structured interviews among the teenagers of 17-18 years of age. The author suggested the possible reasons are associated mainly with the gender biases, punishments, scolding. Thus it can be concluded that the inactive adolescents had different negative experiences and clearly related to social experiences. Fox, C. K., Barr?Anderson, D., Neumark?Sztainer, D., Wall, M. (2010). Physical activity and sports team participation: Associations with academic outcomes in middle school and high school students. Journal of School Health, 80(1), 31-37. The purpose of the study in the paper is to identify the associations between sports team participation, physical activity and outcomes in academics in middle and high school students. The aim is to identify the reason behind the physical activity team participation. The methods used in the study is the data drawn from the project EAT (Eating Among the teens) in which the survey was done among the middle and high school students. The students self reported the hours they indulge each week in physical activities like sports participation. Two regression statistical models were constructed with GPA and the results were calculated. The results shows that for the girls of high school the physical activity and participation of team were both associated with higher GPA. For the boys only the participation in sports team is associated with higher rate of GPA. Thus this paper concluded that the academic success was found to be positively co related with the physical activity involvement and the sports team participation. Hayball, F., Jones, M. I. (2016). Life after sport? Examining life skill transfer following withdrawal from sport and compulsory physical education. British Psychological Society. Hayball Jones, (2016) in this paper has identified the examining life skills for the life after sport. The aim of this study was to explore whether the young women who were withdrawn from the sports can develop life skills and explore the process the process of transferability across life domains. The methodology that the researchers used were the qualitative descriptive study collected in semi structured interview among 8 females who had undergone withdrawal from the sport. The analysis of the data was done using the culminated 61 basic codes and themes of higher degrees. The results suggested of completely different life skills development. It can be concluded that the awareness and skills developed outside the sports are due to new learning, appraisal in the event and valuable rewards. Cleland, V., Dwyer, T., Blizzard, L., Venn, A. (2008). The provision of compulsory school physical activity: Associations with physical activity, fitness and overweight in childhood and twenty years later. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5(1), 14. This research article helps in the determination of the provision of physical activity in the higher levels of compulsory school that will help in the students increase in fitness. The aim is to identify the reason of adopting the provision for physical education in school. The methods used are the part of fitness survey in 108 schools and the report with frequency with the weight defined in BMI. The results suggested the baseline and median indicated the fitness level more associated with the physical activity performance in the schools. Thus, it can be concluded that the amount of compulsory physical activity is to be increased in the schools as far as the fitness and the overweight are associated. References Beltrn-Carrillo, V. J., Devs-Devs, J., Peir-Velert, C., Brown, D. H. (2012). When physical activity participation promotes inactivity: Negative experiences of Spanish adolescents in physical education and sport. Youth Society, 44(1), 3-27. Cleland, V., Dwyer, T., Blizzard, L., Venn, A. (2008). The provision of compulsory school physical activity: Associations with physical activity, fitness and overweight in childhood and twenty years later. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5(1), 14. Fox, C. K., Barr?Anderson, D., Neumark?Sztainer, D., Wall, M. (2010). Physical activity and sports team participation: Associations with academic outcomes in middle school and high school students. Journal of School Health, 80(1), 31-37. Gall, S. L., Jose, K., Smith, K., Dwyer, T., Venn, A. (2009). The Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study: a profile of a cohort study to examine the childhood influences on adult cardiovascular health. Australasian Epidemiologist, 16(1), 35. Hayball, F., Jones, M. I. (2016). Life after sport? Examining life skill transfer following withdrawal from sport and compulsory physical education. British Psychological Society. Taylor, J. (2012). Students' and Teachers' Perceptions of Physical Education.

Election Campaign Financing Essay Research Paper Chris free essay sample

Election Campaign Financing Essay, Research Paper Chris AlibaruhoBA 243 Topic Report When researching for this paper, I found that the general consensus showedthat particular involvement funding is a turning influence on the results of elections inrespect to election run funding. As you will see I have identified the problemsand so proceed to discourse possible reforms with usage of a? pro and con? method. The first of the chief jobs in the issue of run funding are theindependent outgos. Harmonizing to the Federal Election Committee ( FEC ) , anindependent outgo is? an outgo of money for communications expresslyadvocating the election or licking of a clearly identified federal campaigner which is notmade with the cooperation or consent of, or at the petition or suggestion of, anycandidate or any of his or her agents or authorized commissions. ? In other words, they are political outgos or outgos often made to payfor telecasting and wireless advertizements, imperativeness conferences, political mass meetings byindividuals, groups, or parties seeking to advance a specific message about issues orcandidates during an election season. These outgos have the possible to affectthe result of the race because they imply which campaigner is the best withoutdirectly stating electors which candidate to take. Although they are independentbecause they are produced without confer withing the campaigner or his run, peoplecriticize them for holding the same negative impact as direct parts. This is whyindependent outgos can be seen as a job. The 2nd country that needs to be tackled in the issue of run funding issoft money. Besides referred to as? nonfederal financess? or? sewer money? , soft moneyrefers to run money raised and/or exhausted outside the restrictions and prohibitionsof the Federal Election Campaign Act ( FECA ) . Harmonizing to the FEC, soft moneyoften includes corporate and exchequer financess every bit good as single parts inexcess of federal bounds. These can non be lawfully used in connexion with federalelections ( elections for the US Senate, US House of Representatives, presidential term andvice presidentia l term. ) The first premise of today? s run finance Torahs is thatpeople, non organisations, are vulnerable to the potentially caustic influence ofpolitical money. The 2nd premise is that province and local political parties andtheir grass roots activities are valuable characteristics of our civil civilization that the federalgovernment should non interfere with. This explains why most federal election lawsdo non cover parts that support province and local? nonfederal? parties. Private money is raised by national parties to back up province party organizationsand does non profit specific people running for federal offices. Therefore, it is neitheruncommon or illegal for parties to raise every bit much as $ 1,000,000 from persons andorganizations, some of which are banned from lending straight to candidates.This is one of the many loopholes found in run funding. For illustration, thefederal authorities is permitted merely to modulate the manner in which campaigns forfederal offices a re financed. It is left up to the single provinces and municipalities todetermine how runs for the province legislative assembly, governor, and local populace officesare to be financed and how province and local political parties are to be regulated. Here isthe loophole ; national political parties can set up? nonfederal histories? to supportstate and local political activities. These histories are non regulated by federalcampaign finance Torahs because technically they have nil to make with federalelections. Many soft money critics point out that campaigners, subscribers and otherspecial involvements can technically obey the? missive of the jurisprudence? , but by utilizing soft moneyto get around the part and disbursement bounds, they violate the? spirit? of thesame jurisprudence. The last of the issues I shall be covering with in my essay are the issues ofout-of-district distributions and out-of-state distributions. An out-of-state orout-of-district distribution is one of those f ootings that tries to capture a batch ofinformation in as few words as possible therefore excluding the of import inside informations aboutthe whole construct. After some research, it became evident that out-of-districtcontributions refer to money donated to the House of Representatives and PAC? sresiding outside the territory in which the campaigner is running. There are 435 Housedistricts in the United States, hence an out-of-district part refers to anycontribution made to a House campaigner by a pe rson living in any of the other 434districts. An out-of-state contribution refers to money donated to a candidate for theUnited States Senate by individuals and PAC?s residing outside the state in which thecandidate is running. Of course there are 50 states so an out-of-state contribution isany contribution to a senatorial candidate by a person living in any of the other 49states. After looking at the above points, I realized there are many ways of reformingcampaign financing to correct what some people may see as problems in the system.When looking at independent expenditures, critics object to the growing use of thismethod to influence political campaigns. It is seen as just one more way for specialinterests and rich citizens to get around direct contribution limits. So as not to runafoul of the supreme court rulings concerning political speech, proposals to changethe current system of independent expenditures have generally focused on offsettingthe benefits that independent expe nditures bestow on candidates rather than outlawthese benefits altogether. With this in mind, I believe one way of reformingexpenditures would be to allow increases in a candidate?s spending depending on hisor her opponent?s expenditures. For example, if a candidate has agreed to voluntaryspending limits and his opponent has benefited from expenditures, the candidatewould be allowed to increase his or her spending by the amount of expenditures.However, like in many situations, there are pros and cons. One con to this is that anyattempt to limit expenditures directly may be ruled unconstitutional by the SupremeCourt. Also independent expenditures provide opportunities for a wide range ofgroups to support the interests of their members. A reform on independentexpenditures would affect the ability of these groups to participate. One last con oflimiting expenditures is that it strengthens the major parties thus making it harder foroutsiders to challenge them. One of the pros of reformin g the laws concerning expenditure is that all limitscan be enforced and regulated by existing institutions and authorities. Also, limitingexpenditures would reduce the power of special interests who try to influenceelections outside the current regulations on contributions to candidates. Reformingexpenditures would reduce the overall amount of money flowing into campaigns,making it easier for citizens to run for office without having to be somewhat rich. Many argue that regulating soft money is the solution to the problems incampaign financing. The loophole has allowed contributors, candidates, and politicalparties to take advantage of inconsistencies between federal campaign finance lawsand state campaign finance laws to give and spend a lot more campaign money thanfederal laws permit. ?So called soft money is exploding. The parties raise soft moneyin huge quantities, supposedly to strengthen the party machinery but it is regularlychanneled to individual candidates. ?Issue advertis ements? are the latest dodge. Theads display images of the candidates but avoid using words like ?vote for? or ?elect?-thus avoiding limits on party spending for candidates.?- Kenneth Wheaten,Washington Post.Critics say that soft money has the practical effect of helping cash-strapped federalcandidates even though such money is supposed to be used only for ?non-federal?party activities. Private interest groups will continue to enjoy privileged access tolawmakers, as well as special influence with them, unless soft money contributors areprohibited. In my opinion, the best way to honor the intentions of federal campaignlaws is to subject soft money to the same regulations as other federal campaigncontributors and expenses. However, soft money contributions are used to fundthings like voter education programs and registration drives, which encourages theparticipation of citizens. Regulating soft money would have a negative impact on this. When looking at the pros of reforming soft mone y, it can be seen that softmoney contributions make a mockery of federal election laws designed to control theinfluence of wealthy individuals and groups. Soft money provides a way forpresidential candidates to get around the voluntary spending limit that they agree to inorder to qualify for partial public financing of their campaigns, thus making somewhatof a dishonest presidential candidate. I think its best that curbs be made on softmoney because as long as it is allowed, political parties and candidates will continueto concentrate on the concerns of big money contributors rather than on issues thatconcern the general public.**