Compare Glory Glory Be to Chocolate

Compare and analyse ‘Glory Glory Be to Chocolate’ and ‘The Butcher’s Shop’ and how they represent the ideas/attitudes/feelings about food. In ‘Glory Glory Be to Chocolate’, John Agard emphasises the marvellous and remarkable feelings the author has towards chocolate. He exaggerates his attitudes on how he feels food should be spoken about, as he constantly repeats religious references such as ‘manifestations’. Using the lexis from the semantic field of religion is useful for the author to strain his response on how chocolate tastes so good.The lexis ‘manifestations’ is a metaphor in the text that portrays that the chocolate has embodied god, showing the Agard’s feelings that chocolate is that powerful to him. Also he wants to share it with the audience by using influential words to hypnotise the reader by appealing to their senses. For example in the citation ‘mouth-watering bars†¦ that ring the tastebud bells’, Agard lures human senses into making them create an image of the ‘butterscotch and caramel’ chocolate that seems so pleasurable, which is one of the aims of John Agard’s; to make people want to appreciate food like he does.However, ‘The Butcher’s Shop’ gives a very negative perspective towards food as Angela Topping uses negative connotations to reveal her ideas and attitudes towards food. Topping explains the darkness in the butcher shop, making the reader imagine them being in the butcher shop witnessing the killing of the innocent animals. The events of the butcher shop illustrate the horrifying truth of what happens to animals instead of the fake stories that children are told in books.Throughout the poem, the author constantly uses a political under tones to give her opinion on the political party which she disagrees with, such as ‘their porky heads voting Tory all their lives their blue rosettes discarded n ow. ’ Topping uses the lexis ‘Tory’ in a negative way, as she tries to give her own opinion on the party, as she is anti tory and is saying the butcher is Tory and doesn’t want change. The butcher doesn’t want change as he likes the way things are going and that animals are killed for slaughter, which makes the readers put the Tory party in a scandalous light.Furthermore, the ‘blue rosettes’ symbolise the Tory party which mainly consist of upper class people but also are the colour rosettes that are given to the best animals at competitions, which is ironic as the animals that get murdered are not actually winners in the end, and their rosettes mean nothing now. At the end of the poem ‘Glory Glory Be to Chocolate’, the last line is on its own stanza, to emphasise the importance of the sentence. By making it significant, Agard asks the audience a simple rhetorical question; ‘the makes every mouth a god? She uses the st raightforward lexis’ to question their views on if they think chocolate is ‘god-like’ which can create highly debatable conversations between people reading the poem. The use of the grammar also sums up the poem and gives the reader a clear choice as to whether they agree with his opinions of chocolate or disagree. By having ‘mouth a god’ in the sentence is a very strong term to have as it can create religious disagreements as some religions have more than one god and could create tension between some readers.In ‘The Butcher’s Shop’, the poem doesn’t flow like ‘Glory Glory Be to Chocolate’ as it has abrupt feel to it throughout the novel with many sentences stopping halfway through and carrying on the next line. Topping uses enjambment through the poem to portray the continuous killings of the animals, and that meat is never ending no matter how much people protest against the butchery and consumption of meat. This is shown in the citation ‘open-mouthed dignified in martyrs’ death.They hang stiff as Sunday manners. ’ In the poem, the stanzas are presented in different lengths, which could represent the different pigs hanging in the butchers shop. Plus, using the adjective ‘dignified’ is described in a sarcastic manner as the poet is saying the pigs are being killed for the greater good and using the term ‘Sunday manner’s exposes that its normal for people to have meat when having the traditional British Sunday dinner and that’s what the animals are killed for.In conclusion, ‘Glory Glory Be to Chocolate’ uses religious references to portray Agards true passion towards chocolate and uses language devices to underline the prominence positive attitude food gives. While ‘The Butcher’s Shop’ gives a cruel feeling towards food, as Topping uses child imagery to demonstrate that there is no innocence in the butch ery and that children’s stories are merely lies as to what happens to animals.

The Sight of Beauty

I was walking on the beach right before the sunset, searching for a good spot to fish. I stop and gaze at the ocean. The waves, ever so gracefully crashing on the beach, a picture perfect moment. Perhaps moments were you feel worthy of being alive, seeing the beauty that Mother Nature has to offer. Seeing what the world has to offer of life. I came back from school, tired and exaughested. I Just had a very big and difficult examination that I did not do so well on.The agony of getting a below average grade when everybody got an above average grade. It is a feeling that is a very negative one. When I came out of school I had to study for another important test. In my mind, I'm thinking how all the world has to offer is difficulty in life, and if it's not difficulty, then its agony and self-consciousness. Hopefully I will get a sufficient grade to please my parents' expectations. To refresh my mind, I take a short walk on the beach with a fishing pole in one hand.As I was walking, I se e people stop and gaze at the water, taking pictures. These people also had a fishing pole, and fishermen are usually on a task, to catch fish and bring home a nice dinner to enjoy with their family. But these people are stopped dead in their tracks by a sight. What was this sight about? Maybe it was a big school offish, but as I looked, it was something better. It was a sight of beauty. The beauty of the ocean, the sunset, and how the waves in the ocean were ot rough white caps, but calm and beautiful.The waves crashing on the surf ever so gracefully, as if it was moving in a balletic. Then a thought hit me, of what the world has to offer me. It's not always difficulty in life, or agony or self-consciousness, but it offers you life, and the beauty of nature. Yes, the world offers you some challenges and difficulty, but it's only a small price to pay to see the beauty of the world. I am thankful of the beauties the world offers me

Effective Leadership Within An Organisational Context Essay

Effective Leadership Within An Organisational Context - Essay Example So, what is effective leadership? Before defining effective leadership, it is important to define leadership. According to Northouse (2010, p 9), leadership is defined as a process through which a person mobilize resources both material and human and influences group of people to achieve set of common goals. Effective leadership has diverse definitions that depend mostly on the context on which leadership is defined and point of view of the person defining it. Leadership effectiveness definition is highly multifaceted and complex. The following are the famous definitions of effective leadership. One, Nahavandi (2006, p 12) defines effective leadership as a process through which leadership achieves the organizations’ goals and objectives; leadership is based on the performance of the group. Two, Marturano and GOSLKING (2008, p 9) define effective leadership as the ability of leadership to help people in an organization to have more collaboration, innovation and communication. Three, effective leadership is the ability to enable other people within organization enhance their personal capabilities in order to fulfil their own ambitions and potentials and that of the group or organization as well (Vries 2006, p. 12- 13). In comparison, the three definitions indicate that effective lea dership aims at achieving certain goals after a given period of time. Secondly, all the definitions show that effective le

Intercultural Communications assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intercultural Communications - Assignment Example Multiculturalism in Canada is often seen in towns and cities when they hold festivals that celebrate their individual cultures. An example of such festival is Folk fest which shows different cultures that include heritage, cuisine, and dance. These kinds of festivals give Canadians a chance to understand and appreciate different cultures that make up Canada. Canadians are known for their friendly culture. They appreciate that the country is made up of so many cultures and respect each culture. Marriage is viewed differently in different cultures because arranged marriages are accepted in one community while in others, people are expected to choose their future life partners (Coontz, 2014). These behaviors are impacted by the historical background of a culture. This history moves from one generation to the next and is accepted by the group. The behaviors are also impacted by the religious background of a group. For example, in the Muslim community, parents are obligated to arrange for their children’s marriage. Different cultures also view love differently. Communities that support arranged marriages view love as infatuation. Countries that follow this culture have low divorce rates. On the other hand, communities that support individual arrangements view love as the basis of marriage. What an individual’s family might feel to be best for the individual may not be best for him or her. Communities exhibiting these behaviors can be classified in the cultural di mension model because the cultures are differentiated based on the difference in national cultures. Different communities have their own interpretation of public display of emotion. In some communities, public display is a norm and people believe that this helps other people understand a person. However, this is not the case in other communities who believe that the public display of emotions especially, from those who hold power

Buddhist canonical texts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Buddhist canonical texts - Essay Example The latter are the various commentaries on canonical texts and other treatises on the Dharma, as well as collections of quotations, histories, grammars, etc. () However, it should be borne in mind that many divisions are arbitrary, and some texts fall between categories, or can be associated with more than one category. Canonical texts are in some way or other associated with Gautama, the historical Buddha. Different schools, however, are not always in agreement about which texts are canonical, and the various recessions of the Buddhist Canon contain widely varying numbers and types of texts. Broadly speaking, the texts come in three types: sutras (i.e. discourses), vinaya (relating to the rules of monastic discipline), and abhidharma (analytical texts). Together these three make up what is known in Sanskrit as the Tripitaka and in Pali as the Tipitaka. Both the sutras and the vinaya of every Buddhist school contain a huge variety of documents including discourses on the Dharma, commentaries on other teachings, cosmological and cosmogonical texts, stories of the Buddha's previous lives, and various lists (Skilton 50). The Theravada and other Nikaya schools believe, more or less literally, that these texts contain the actual words of the Buddha. The Theravada canon, also known as the Pali Canon after the language it was written in, contains some four million words. Later texts, such as the Mahayana Sutras, are also considered to be the word of the Buddha, but were transmitted either in secret, via lineages of mythical beings (such as the nagas), or came directly from other Buddhas or bodhisattvas. Some 600 Mahayana Sutras have survived in Sanskrit, or in Chinese and/or Tibetan translation. The most complete Mahayana Canon is in Chinese, though it was originally in Sanskrit. It contains texts from many strands of earlier tradition. Non or semi-canonical texts have been important from very early in Buddhism. Extensive commentaries exist in Pali for the Pali Canon and in Tibetan, Chinese and other East Asian Languages. Important examples of non-canonical texts are the Visuddhimagga, or Path of Purification, by Buddhaghosa, which is a compendium of Theravada teachings that include quotes from the Pali Canon. The Milinda Panha, or Questions of Milinda, is a popular condensation of the Dharma in the form of a dialogue between the Buddhist sage Nagasena and the Indo-Greek King Menander (Eddy 164). The treatise Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana (attributed by the faithful to Ashvaghosa) strongly influenced Mahayana doctrine and inspired numerous commentaries authored by early Chinese and Korean Buddhist teachers. Shantideva's Bodhicaryavatara has been influential in both Mahayana and Vajrayana, and his Shikshasamucaya contains references to texts which are no longer extant in any other form. The Platform Sutra of Huineng might be considered a semi-canonical text, it is one of a very few texts not thought to be spoken by the Buddha that has the label "sutra". One should note, however, that this distinction may be an artifact of translation: in the original Chinese, the Platform Sutra is a jing, a term that may be translated as "sutra", but is also applied to a variety of other classic texts, such as the Daodejing and the Shi Jing. In the Platform Sutra, Hui Neng gives an autobiographical account of his succession as Zen Patriarch, as well as teachings about Zen theory and practice. The Zen and Ch'an school in particular rely on non-canonical

General Dynamics Information Technology Managerial Economics Term Paper

General Dynamics Information Technology Managerial Economics - Term Paper Example The agency problems reflect how the difference in the views of the shareholders and the managers crept in. Suggestions have been provided to overcome the agency problem of the organizations without hampering the cause of either side in General dynamics Information technology General Dynamics Information technology: General dynamics information technology is one of the four subsidiary business units of the General Dynamic’s information Systems and technology group. It is also a prime part of the core company, General Dynamics. The organization generally specializes on providing service in the field of information technology to the defense service of the United States. It also provides service to the intelligence department and various other agencies and also to the commercial customers. The success of the organization has been noteworthy over the years and it evolved to be the one of the largest growing segment of the General dynamics. The organization aims at providing the bes t of the information technology solution and services dedicated to the United States government, so that the US defense service is strengthened by the incorporation of the information system. ... (History, n. d) Organization Structure: Organization structure comprises of various activities in an organization such as the allocation of various tasks, coordination between different departments and the overall management which helps in reaching the aims and objectives of the organization. Various organizations adopt different structures based on the overall purpose which it aims to serve. Organizational structure is an important aspect for any organization as it acts a foundation for the standard procedures to operate. It also helps in determining the level of participation of individuals in the decision making process and the importance they have in deciding the actions incorporated by the organization. .The organizational structure of General Dynamic’s information technology comprises of a hierarchical structure. It has employee strength of over 16000 professionals and is headed by the CEO Daniel Johnson. (Leadership, n. d) Under the supervision of the CEO there are ten different segments of operation each headed by the divisional vice presidents and senior vice presidents. The various departments which are under the CEO of the information technology department are the Amy systems, Homeland security, Intelligence solutions, Communication and marketing, Finance, and administration, legal and HR. However the overall group of the General Dynamics is headed by the CEO Jay Johnson and the organization chart comprises of total 157 executives. (General dynamics IT, 2011)The organizational structure is perfectly suited for the organization and it keeps the entire department under the guidance of the CEO. The communication flow in the organization is also proper and it leads to the overall success

E.H. Carr and Historical Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

E.H. Carr and Historical Thought - Essay Example Though to properly assess the academic value and relevance of his claim, it is first necessary to analyze the broader intellectual context to which Carr sought to make a contribution. As such, it will be necessary to briefly address the very same question he himself posed, for the pragmatic purpose of assessing the accuracy of his claims. The American historian and political philosopher Allan Bloom, in his cultural jeremiad on the state of university education in the closing decades of the twentieth century, lamented what he saw as the contemptuous antagonism felt for one another by the aforementioned three main divisions of modern academia. According to Bloom: While both social science and humanities are more or less willingly awed by natural science, they have mutual contempt for one another, the former looking down on the latter as unscientific, the latter regarding the former as a philistine. They do not cooperate. And most important, they occupy much of the same ground. Many of the classic books now a part of the humanities talk about the same things as do social scientists but use different methods and draw different conclusions;... (1987, p. 357) And yet history does not easily fit into any of these main categories. History, unlike the natural sciences, cannot conduct a controlled experiment because its object of study, being the past, is incapable of being ‘recreated.’ Bloom made note of this general dilemma, that is, the categorization of the work of the historian. History may not, on the other hand, claim to be a social science: its goal is not to predict human action (as is the case in any sort of study of human behavior), but rather to understand past actions (Bloom 1987, pp. 243-380). Thus, in many ways, history enjoys a sort of liminal existence which transcends the natural and social sciences, not to mention the humanities.

DELL IN E-COMMERCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

DELL IN E-COMMERCE - Essay Example It is about reaching out to individual customers and establishing brands to suit individual requirements. This study seeks to address the fundamental reasons for the tremendous ovation accorded to Dell over a period of time. Since Dell seems to have gained popularity as the most sought after computer Company, it is but natural, that other Companies would like to emulate its ways to chart and navigate the courses for their success. This business study seeks to highlight the reasons for the success of Dell, especially in the context of its close liaison with customers and vendors and building an work culture that fosters individual growth and development through performance. The fundamental reasons for Dell’s success could be attributed to its unrelenting passion for innovative ideas and sound techniques, seeking better and newer avenues for corporate growth and development and gaining the active involvement of all relevant contributors to its success, within and outside the org anization. Its unique marketing plan, devoid of middlemen, has ensured that its customers get their products straight off the ‘assembly lines.’ Its product features, including user-friendly navigation and high comfort, safety and convenience of use, besides closer proximity to ultimate user has set it well in its path of achieving $80 Billion Business mark by end of 2007. Yet another feat worthy of emulation by rivals is the Dell Venture which entails $80 Billion as equity investments in 90 Private Limited Companies. This has been done with the prime objective of sharing future technology in these companies and partnering the sharing of joint technological advancements in commonly interested computer fields. It is widely believed that the future years would witness the advent of highly relevant and advanced technologies, through the use of innovation and state-of-the-art engineering designed products, without the need for Dell to have to

Markets & Water rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Markets & Water rights - Essay Example The researcher states that questions regarding property become problematic when it comes to properties that stretch over the boundaries of many private properties (as well as public properties) owned by several owners such as water bodies like streams or rivers. Therefore, it worthwhile to analyze water rights in the light of property issues. McPherson states that property has different connotations in different contexts and he rightly argues that property is a right and not physical possession. For instance, a person may be in possession of a house on rent or for safekeeping on behalf of a friend or a landlord, but that does not mean that the current occupant is the owner of the property. Assuming that rights will settle the matter as to who owns the property there are several instances where the boundaries of rights can become confusing. One is where the property is described as a common one and the other is where the property in question is a water body. As McPherson purports ever yone has an 'enforceable claim to use' common lands, public parks, city streets, highways. On the other hand, there are state-owned properties like for example, NASA or other properties owned by the state and federal governments. These properties do not provide the same rights to citizens as do common properties. Such properties are maintained for some specific purpose aimed at the benefit of the society or individual sections of the society and not for individual enjoyment. A court of law is an ideal example, which does not provide an enforceable claim to use sections of the property as in the case of a park or a highway. It may be used under certain conditions to address the rights of citizens to enforce law. The question here is where water bodies that cannot be defined clearly fall in the case of property rights. In an area where there is abundant rainfall or availability of common water bodies, this might not be much of an issue. But the case of the American West, where availab ility of water is more of an issue, the rights of property becomes an issue that needs legal and statutory assistance to find a settlement. Gillian and Brown, in their paper titled 'Instream flow protection' has discussed this issue in some detail, referring to the history of water disputes and laws right from the start of colonization of the country. For instance, the Spaniards followed their own domestic water laws which provide the property owner to use water flowing through their property. But public benefit would override private needs and in such an instance, the latter would prevail. British settlers, who back home had few problems with water, were not as well prepared. After attaining independence, different states in the union had to develop their own laws regarding management of water and most were made according to current demands at the time. For example, the California gold rush prompted lawmakers to allow property owners to use water for their own use. American law fol lowing British statutes aimed at implementing what is known as the Riparian law whereby any owner who has access to flowing water (watercourse) adjacent or through his property can make reasonable use of it for his own use.

Children's Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Children's Analysis - Case Study Example That is, systems that rely on perfect performance by individuals to prevent errors are doomed to fail. Healthcare persons typically react to a specific accident by focusing on the error rather than attempting to understand the systematic cause and designing interventions that minimize if not altogether eliminate the occurrence of such errors. Medication errors are the most common preventable cause of adverse events. Early detection and constant reporting of such errors is crucial, particularly in hospitals, where systems for detecting adverse drug reactions and medication errors can save lives, money, and legal problems. A well kept log for such errors enables the experts to design strategies for their prevention, which is usually the better option, rather than a post scenario cure. Administrative, organizational, educative reforms as well as software controlled electronic systems can be designed after the evaluation of logs of such errors, which can prevent their occurrence in futur e. The medical literature today is rich enough and easily accessible for a medical professional in any capacity, to update their knowledge and look for preventive solutions in case of any doubt while administering their art. A proper coordination of medical staff and availability of ready consultation at the time of need can go a long way in preventing medical errors and accidents. The incident of an overdose of morphine in case of a ten-year old boy named Matthew at Children’s Hospital in Minneapolis illustrates a system error, which could have resulted in fatal consequences if it had not been addressed and handled in a practical manner reflecting evidence-based practice. The case described a pediatric patient of stable condition who has been transferred from the intensive care unit to the medical/surgical unit with an order for a continuous morphine drip. Upon set-up of the

Strategy for Mobinil Essay Example for Free

Strategy for Mobinil Essay 1. Given all the changes in the branding strategy for Mobinil over the years, has the Mobinil brand conveyed a consistent meaning to customers? Is this a benefit or detriment as the mobile service provider business moves forward in Egypt with the entry of Etisalat and Vodafone? In my opinion, Mobinil has conveyed a consistent meaning to customers because even after years of existing, they still focus on their main mission – providing reliable and simple services that increase interaction and improve communication. I believe that entry of Etisalat and Vodafone was a benefit, because even though Mobinil was not a monopoly anymore, it still could learn from competitors and improve their service to satisfy customers’ needs. Mobinil does researches to be aware of competitors’ strengths and weaknesses that help the company to stay successful. 2. What is Mobinil selling? What are customers really buying? Mobinil is selling mobile devices and services. Customers are buying ability to communicate and on-the-go connectivity – core product. They are buying mobile devices and services – actual product. While buying mobile devices, people also get warranties and instructions that help them with using the device – augmented product. 3. Will the many reasons for Mobinil’s success continue to work with the increasing presence of Vodafone and Etisalat? Why or why not? In my opinion Mobinil will still be successful because the company always does researches to know what competitors are doing, so they can provide better service for their customers. Mobinil now is the leader for mobile services in Egypt and I believe they will continue to improve their work because of their successful marketing strategy and customers’ loyalty. 4. What futuristic strategic recommendations would you make to the Mobinil brand managers? Try to meet customer expectations and reach the desired level of excellence. Mobinil should also make more agreements with networks in

High School and Students Essay Example for Free

High School and Students Essay Introduction The continuous deterioration of the quality of education in the Philippines has prompted the DepEd to push for the implementation of the K to 12 programs, which entails the institutionalization of kindergarten and the addition of two more years of high school in the basic education cycle. The proposal has spurred a heated debate on whether it could lead to improvements or just exacerbate thn e present state of education in the country. The Enhanced K+12 Basic Education Program in the Philippines has been officially started. It has been initiated by the Aquino administration where students will have to undergo a new system of education. This program will require all incoming students to enroll into two more years of basic education. Thus, the K+12 System will basically include the Universal kindergarten, 6 years of elementary, 4 years of junior high school with an additional 2 years for senior high school. Moreover, the program aims to uplift the quality of education in the Philippines in order for graduates to be easily employed. The program also aims to meet the standards required for professionals who would want to work abroad. Most importantly, the system aims to fully enhance and develop the students in order for them to be well-prepared especially in emotional and cognitive aspects. Through this, graduates will be able to face the pressures of their future workplace. However, not all are in favor of the K+12 Education. There are students complaining of the additional years and there are parents who are not in favor of the additional expenses. But indeed, it is an undeniable fact that additional years in the education system will really require more budgets not just from the government but from the parents as well. Aside from this, students will need additional classrooms, school supplies and facilities. The program would need more qualified teachers as well. The researchers believe that the K+12 Education in the Philippines would uplift the quality of lifestyle of the Filipino people. But, this could not be done without being prepared. And since the program has already been implemented, what is  more important now is for students to do their best and study despite of the lack of facilities. The Philippine educational system pursues the achievement of excellent undergraduates in the elementary and secondary level. Implementation of UbD is one of the proposals that undertook in the country recently. At present, the Department of Education pronounces the addition of two more years in the basic education of students, which according to them will benefit not only the Filipino youth but all the Filipinos in the Philippines. This proposal is part of P-noys Educational Reform Program. The administration asserts that with the implementation of such program, the problem of unemployment in the country will be resolved. In as much as employment in the Philippines is concerned, the K12 education also responds to the fact that most countries in the world already have the same plan in their educational institutions. With this, the standards of these countries go a notch higher than what the country has, thus, creating an expansion in the global competency. What can be really said about this plan? While the reaction of the public is divided, where some are in favor and some are not, here are several issues that point out to the aggression of opposing groups especially the parents to this program. One of the main problems in the Philippines which the government needs to resolve is the lack of school and classrooms in the different parts of the country. It is important that students stay in a place that is conducive for study while they are away from home. In addition, with teachers go abroad to teach, or do another job, there is already a shortage of educators in schools that mold the minds of learners. And this deficiency has become a problem for the country in the past several years. Finally, there is a need for students to utilize the appropriate instructional materials and school equipment for them to learn and gain the necessary knowledge in school. This lack of accessibility in books and other school supplies clearly manifest the scarcity in the public schools in the country. There is nothing wrong in aiming the other fraction of a horizon, and that is what the government attempts to accomplish. It is in fact an indication that to aspire for something higher, one must carry out certain actions to achieve the goal. However, the administration also ought to realize and clearly understand what the educational system in the Philippines needs to develop primarily. The mentioned issues above are only a few elements that entailed to be resolved. At some point, the Philippines cannot go ahead unless the concerns are faced and the difficulties are completely solved. There are a lot to be done to improve the competency of the youth. The government does not need to gaze from afar. ? Conceptual Framework The framework of this as can be viewed below was anchored on the dependent variable, student’s perception on the K+12 policy as the independent variable. Research Paradigm Fig. 1 Dependent Variable Independent Variable Statement of the Problem Major Problem: 1. What is the perception of the STMA high school students on K12? Minor Problems: 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of K12? 2. Does the student agree on the K12 policy? ? Hypothesis This study assumed the following: 1. That students have different definition about the K12 policy. 2. That students believe that K12 is a waste of time. 3. Most students will not finish high school. Scope and Delimitations The target respondents of the study are the high school students of the current academic year (2011-2012) randomly selected across all year level. It is limits itself on the perceptions of the students on the said topic and their preconceived notion. Significance of the Study. This study is about the perception on K12 policy among parents and high school students of St. Thomas More Academy academic year 2011-2012. The persons that would benefit from the study are the following: Students A better understanding on K12 policy would benefit the students on increasing their knowledge. Teachers The finding of this study may likewise motivate and challenge them to guide their students on matters regarding K12 policy related issues considering the philosophy of loco parentis or the second parents; teachers will be able to explain things. Parents will be enlightened on how best to explain to their children matters pertaining to K12 policy. ? Definition of terms The following special terms has been sued to suit this study: Deteriorate To make or become worse in character, quality, etc. Exacerbate To increase the severity, bitterness, or violence of; aggravate. PerceptionPoint of view; Opinion Promptto obey ENDNOTES Websites: www. wikipedia. com www. wiki-answers. com http://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_are_the_advantages_in_having_k_plus_12? CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ? CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE. In preparing this study the researchers seriously looked for different books, newspapers articles and other media as point of reference. There are numerous sources that the researchers found especially on the internet related to these. The researchers carefully examined the following related literature; If the K-12 Education Plan becomes successful, then the Philippine education system can become more competitive among other countries around the world. Though there are still some problems that the government needs to solve before they can successfully implement the plan. The proposed program is good but it still wont work if the needed elements to make it work aren’t present. Such element includes the number of public school classrooms plus the adequate supply of classroom chairs, books, etc. If the government could allot a bigger budget to educational needs, then we could be one-step ahead towards the success of the K-12 program. Furthermore, parents (especially those who belong in the poor sector) should be properly informed and motivated of the advantages of the K-12 Education Plan. This is very important since parents play a major role in providing the childs school allowances, supplies, and fees for other school projects and activities. Add to that the support of parents towards their children in terms of guidance and teaching. The DepEd seems all set to add two more years to the country’s 10 year basic education curriculum. This is a very tough issue to crack. We think it is a clash between reality and the ideal. A question unanswered – is this for the common good? The truth is there are already many problems at the current 10-year curriculum and it has nothing to do with number of years. To enumerate a few – there are not enough qualified teachers to teach all the students; that is made worst with just too many students; there are not enough classrooms and schools to comfortably fit all the students (not to mention not enough bathrooms and water supply); there are not enough books; add the problem of poor quality books, on top of that there are not enough facilities and finally very high dropout rates. The latter, high dropout rates are being caused by something out of the education system but affects large part of the population – poverty. There are just so many poor families and they are so poor that many of them cannot afford to pay for the already meager amount needed for the education of their children. Grade school and high school are free in public schools with parents needing to just spend on uniforms, fare and some expenses. The tuition which normally accounts for a very large share of the total expenses are free and yet most poor families can still not afford of what is left for them to spend. It is not that the expenses are high, it’s just their income is very, very low. It is this inability to afford the other expenses that has caused a very high dropout rate among students. This plan of the DepEd to add two more years will of course not solve any of the above problems. In fact, it will only extend all those problems by two more years. A longer basic education will also mean even higher dropout rates. Then there is the problem of additional expenses for the government. As of now, with the 10 year curriculum, there is already desperate lack of classrooms and schools. The public schools cannot turn the student’s away when they show up to enroll. To cope many public schools have crammed as many students as they can inside the classroom with classrooms crammed with chairs from wall to wall. Not enough, the schools conduct classes in at least shifts, in some instances classes held very early in the morning till late in the evening. With two additional years, the schools will definitely need to construct new buildings and classrooms or God forbid conduct classes 24/7. The above is the reality part. On the government side, in the discussion paper it disseminated during its press conference last Oct. 5, the Department of Education (DepEd) has given at least nine reasons for the K+12 project: 1. â€Å"Enhancing the quality of basic education in the Philippines is urgent and critical. † 2. â€Å"The poor quality of basic education is reflected in the low achievement scores of Filipino students. One reason is that students do not get adequate instructional time or time on task. † 3. International test results consistently show Filipino students lagging way behind practically everybody else in the world. In the 2008 mathematics exam, for example, we came in dead last. 4. â€Å"The congested curriculum partly explains the present state of education. † Twelve years of content are crammed into ten years. 5. â€Å"This quality of education is reflected in the inadequate preparation of high school graduates for the world of work or entrepreneurship or higher education. † If ten years were adequate, how come employers do not hire fresh high school graduates? How come most high school graduates flunk the UPCAT? 6. â€Å"Most graduates are too young to enter the labor force. † Since most children start Grade 1 when they are 6 years old, they do not reach the legal employable age of 18 when they graduate from high school today. 7. â€Å"The current system also reinforces the misperception that basic education is just a preparatory step for higher education. † Why prioritize the minority of high school graduates that go to college? 8. â€Å"The short duration of the basic education program also puts the millions of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs), especially the professionals, and those who intend to study abroad, at a disadvantage. Our graduates are not automatically recognized as professionals abroad. † The best examples are our engineering graduates, who are condemned to international jobs not befitting their professional status due to our not having a 12-year basic education cycle. 9. â€Å"The short basic education program affects the human development of the Filipino children. † If we believe that 17-year-old high school graduates are emotionally, psychologically, and intellectually mature, why do we require them to get parental consent before they get married? On the other hand, those opposing the plan put forward the following arguments: 1. Parents have to shell out more money (for transportation and food) for the education of their children. 2. The government does not have the money to pay for two more years of free education, since it does not even have the money to fully support today’s ten years. DepEd must first solve the lack of classrooms, furniture and equipment, qualified teachers, and error-free textbooks. 3. We can do in ten years what everyone else in the world takes 12 years to do. Why do we have to follow what the rest of the world is doing? We are better than all of them. Filipinos right now are accepted in prestigious graduate schools in the world, even with only ten years of basic education. 4. As far as the curriculum is concerned, DepEd should fix the current subjects instead of adding new ones. The problem is the content, not the length, of basic education. As an editorial put it, we need to have better education, not more education. 5. A high school diploma will not get anybody anywhere, because business firms will not hire fresh high school graduates. 6. Every family dreams of having a child graduate from college. 7. While students are stuck in Grades 11 and 12, colleges and universities will have no freshmen for two years. This will spell financial disaster for many private Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). 8. The drop-out rate will increase because of the two extra years. ? . CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY ? Chapter III Methodology This chapter deals with the methodology of the studies. This is presented on the following sections: (a) Research design (b) Sampling Technique (c) Instrumentation (d) Data-gathering procedure and (e) Statistical treatment of data. Research Method The descriptive survey method was man used in this research. The descriptive method is concerned with the analysis of the relationship between non-manipulated variable employing the use of the development of generalization. This means that variable have already occurred and are just selected and observed Fraenkel and Wallen (1998) also define the descriptive research as involving collection of data in order to test hypothesis and answer questions concerning the current status of the subject of the study. Since the study deals with perceptions of parents and high school students on K12 policy of the Philippine government academic year 2011-2012, the descriptive survey method was deemed appropriate to be used. [[[[ Sampling Technique The population of the study involved a total number if 496 respondents randomly selected representing at least more than half of the school’s population irrespective of the age, year, selection and gender. Research Instrument The researchers devised a self-made questionnaire designed to obtain information related on the objective of the study. It consisted of the following parts: Part I – This part of the questionnaire dealt with personal information regarding the respondents (name and section). Part II – This part of the questionnaire was intended to ask the respondent’s definition about K+12. Part III – This part of the questionnaire was intended to ask the respondent’s idea about the advantages and disadvantages of K12. Part IV- This part of the questionnaire was intended to ask the respondent’s opinion about the benefits of K+12. Data Gathering Procedures. The following data gathering procedures guided the researchers Phase 1 – a copy of the questionnaire was presented to the thesis adviser. The researchers asked for his comments and suggestions; Phase 2 – the researchers presented the edited questionnaire and asked for further assistance from parents. It was then presented for approval to the school principal who gave valuable insight and ideas on how best the data can be gathered. Phase 3 – the researchers conducted data gathering procedures during first week of February. The figure below is the flowchart of the Data Gathering Procedures done by the researchers. Fig. 2 Statistical Treatment of Data For analyzing the data, the researchers will be use of the following statistical tools: Percentage This refers to the number of parts per one hundred. It is a statistical tool used to express how large one quantity is, relative to another quantity. To get the total percentage of specific number and total number respondents in the questionnaire the formula is: % = F/N * 100 Where N=370 Unless otherwise stated the above formula will be used except for multiresponse questions or for gender based questions. ? Presentation and Data Analysis Table 1 1. How do you define K12? This table is a multi-response item which showed that majority of respondents surveyed that they defined K12 as an added two years in high school with 77. 57% followed by it is an academic program with 20. 54% and a government policy with 15. 41%. ? Table 2 2. What are the advantages of it? The preceding multiresponse table2 showed that majority of respondents surveyed said that the advantage of K12 policy is to gain more knowledge with 62. 97% followed by more chances to have work with 29. 19% and free OJT with 18. 65%. ? Table 3 3. What are the disadvantages of it? Multiresponse table 3 showed that more money to spend was the top disadvantage of K12 with 79. 19% followed by waste of time with 16. 22% and lack of leisure with 15. 41% as the final point of view. ? Table 4 4. Do you agree on K12 policy? More than half of the respondents said that they disagreed on the K12 policy with 67. 57% and the remaining 32. 43% of the respondents agreed. ? Table 5 5. Do you think you will be well educated if you graduated under the K12 system? Table 5 showed that the majority of the respondents agreed that they will be well educated if they graduated under the K12 policy with 70. 27% and the other respondents left disagreed with 29. 73%. ? Table 6 6. In K12 system, do you think it will be helpful to all students? The greater part of the respondents believed that K12 policy will be helpful to the students. ? CHAPTER IV SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ? CHAPTER IV Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations. Summary of Findings. This first table is a multiresponse item which showed that majority of respondents surveyed that they defined K12 as an added two years in high school with 77. 57% followed by it is an academic program with 20. 54% and a government policy with 15. 41%. The second table is also a multiresponse item which showed that majority of respondents surveyed said that the advantage of K12 policy is to gain more knowledge with 62. 97% followed by more chances to have work with 29. 19% and free OJT with 18. 65%. Multiresponse table 3 showed that more money to spend was the top disadvantage of K12 with 79. 19% followed by waste of time with 16. 22% and lack of leisure with 15. 41% as the final point of view. Table 4 illustrates that more than half of the respondents said that they disagreed on the K12 policy with 67. 57% and the remaining 32. 43% of the respondents agreed. With this, it showed that the most of the students doesn’t like to implement the K+12 policy due to their concern for their time and to their parent’s money.. Table 5 proved that the majority of the respondents agreed that they will be well educated if they graduated under the K12 policy with 70. 27% and the other respondents left disagreed with 29. 73%. In table 6, it shows that the greater part of the respondents believed that K12 policy will be helpful to the students. Conclusions It has proved that the respondents showed their different views or perceptions on the K-12 system of education in the Philippine government. The following conclusions have been drawn: 1. That students were all informed and yet educated what the K-12 system is about. 2. That disadvantages were showed by the majority of the students through the data gathered whereas it resulted the students not to agree on the said system. 3. That students will be well educated after finishing the K-12 system in their education. 4. And on the other side it will be a great help to the students to learn more and adequate information that will mold them into a better person. ? Recommendation It is with fervent wish of the researchers that the following recommendations be considered by the concerned; Students 1. Responsible is the key to the effectiveness of this program. 2. Should be responsible enough to fulfill the given task of their teachers. Teachers 1. Teachers should encourage their students to open up if they have their problems on their subjects. 2. Since teachers are willing to help the students be more cooperative and open-minded to develop their skills and studies. Schools 1. Schools should provide clean and green surroundings. 3. Monitor the students in having gangs/fraternities. 4. They should provide and recuperate their facilities. Parents 1. Parents should help their children in their problems. 2. Parents should encourage their children to keep not neglect their studies. ? St. Thomas More Academy Incorporated Molino III, Bacoor, Cavite Survey questionnaire Title: Perception of STMA High School Students on the K12 policy of the Philippine Government Name: Year and Section: 1. How do you define K12? a. added two years in high school b. academic program c. government policy 2. What are the advantages of it? a. free OJT b. more chances to have work c. gain more knowledge 3. What are the disadvantages of it? a. waste of time b. more money to spend c. lack of leisure 4. Do you agree on K12? a. no b. yes 5. Do you think you will be well educated if you graduated under the K12 system? a. yes b. no 6. In K12 system, do you think it will be helpful to all students? a. yes b. no. Title: Perception of STMA High School Students on the K12 policy of the Philippine Government Name: Year and Section: 1. How do you define K12? a. added two years in high school b. academic program c. government policy 2. What are the advantages of it? a. free OJT b. more chances to have work c. gain more knowledge 3. What are the disadvantages of it? a. waste of tim b. more money to spend c. lack of leisure 4. Do you agree on K12? a. no b. yes 5. Do you think you will be well educated if you graduated under the K12 system? a. yes b. no 6. In K12 system, do you think it will be helpful to all students? a. yes b. no.

Observation of Child Play

Observation of Child Play Using observations of children at play in your setting, evaluate how you would scaffold the children’s learning in the future and improve the quality of play. Using a range of fully completed observations from placements (six in total), evaluate how you would improve the children’s learning experiences. Refer to expected â€Å"norms† of development (fully referenced) and explain how your knowledge of theories of child development would give you an understanding of how you might scaffold their learning. It is recognised that play is a valuable and effective way of learning within the early years. The experiences children have within their early years settings work towards promoting their development, learning and their overall outlook on life. Throughout my time in placement settings, I have observed a wide range of children from the age of 3 months to 11 years old. Within this text, I shall be outlining six of the observations I have conducted over the past two years and explain the child in terms of their development, identifying areas where there are deviations of the expected â€Å"norms† of development. Where appropriate, I will also explain my role of scaffolding these children. Scaffolding is defined by Read, C (2005) as the â€Å"metaphorical concept used to describe the interactive verbal support provided by adults to guide a child through the ZPD and enable them to carry out a task that they would be unable to do without help†. The area in which the child can perform an action or task, provided that a more skilled or knowledgeable person is available to help, Vygotsky termed the ‘zone of proximal development’ (ZPD). Scaffolding is temporary and can be put in place, strengthened, taken down piece by piece or taken away completely, as the child develops knowledge and skills and is increasingly able to act competently and independently. My role of scaffolding is to be the â€Å"more knowledgeable other† Vygotsky explained, as I provide the child was minimal assistance that they require to achieve and understand a concept. Scaffolding refers to the particular kind of help, assistance and support that enables a child to do a task wh ich they cannot quite manage on their own and which brings them closer to a state of competence that will enable them to carry out other similar tasks. Child One (0-3 Years) CONGITIVE Time Observation 09:30am Child A had pointed to the snack table and said â€Å"food† – I told child A â€Å"not now, but later† and child A was able to understand these simple time concepts and continued to play. 09:40am Child A had lifted one of the staff members’ observation book, Child A was told to â€Å"put the book back on the table† in which they completed this action, showing understanding of this sentence. 09:50am Child A was asked if they needed their nappy changed, Child A responded by nodding for yes. 10:00am Child A was given a sorting toy which had spaces to place different shaped objects. Child A was able to complete this task by placing the correct shapes in the corresponding spaces. 10:10am Child A continued to play with this sorting toy, Child A used the attached phone to pretend to speak to â€Å"mummy† on the phone. 10:20am Child A was able to point out a cat, a dog and a fish from a storybook I was reading. 10:30am At snack time, Child A was able to choose a fork rather than a spoon to use to eat chicken curry. For this observation, I used a time sampling method over a time period of one hour to observe a 2 year old during free flow play in a day care. From this observation, I was able to understand that Child A was developing normally as she was able to accomplish and show many areas of cognitive development of an average two year old child. Child A showed the capability of the usual cognitive milestones usually shown by a two year old child and has a wide understanding of words and phrases when spoken to. I do not believe there are any deviations of the norms of cognitive development and that no concerns are in place for this child. To help scaffold this child in the future, I can ensure the child is provided with more appropriate provision or her level of learning, such as more advanced reading books that are still age appropriate, but also capability appropriate to the child as to ensure continuous learning. Child Two (0-3) Years LANGUAGE Tries to copy your sounds Understands many more words than he can say Understands simple directions and questions such as Where is your nose? Get the ball. Demonstrates some pretend play with toys like give the teddy bear a drink Makes at least four consonant sounds from p,b,m,n,d,t,w,h Identifies pictures in a book when asked such as â€Å"Show me the baby. Enjoys being read to and looking at books Understands the concepts of in and out, off and on Points to three body parts when asked Says No Asks for something by pointing and using sounds or words Imitates animal noises Tries to get attention by calling out, repeating words and pointing For this next observation, I carried out a longitudinal study on a child aged 18 months. Over the period of around one month, I was able to identify that Child Two is developing extremely rapidly and accordingly with reference to general norms and milestones of children aged 12 to 18 months. Child Two’s language development appears to be flourishing every day and should not be a cause for concern. By reading new books and introducing new words to the child, I can scaffold their learning in the future to ensure the child’s development and learning is still continuing as normal. Child Three (0-3 Years) LANGUAGE Milestones for 2 to 3 Year Olds Achieved? Yes/No Pays increasing attention to speech No Responds to simple verbal requests No Responds to â€Å"no† Yes Uses simple gestures Yes Babbles with inflection (changes in tone) Yes Says â€Å"dada† and â€Å"mama† No Tries to imitate words Yes Points to objects or picture when it’s named for him Yes Recognizes names of familiar people, objects, and body parts No Says several single words No Uses simple phrases No Uses 2-to-4 word sentences No Follows simple instructions Yes Repeats words overheard in conversation No Child Three is 30 months old, (2 Years, 6 Months) and was observed in a Day Care setting. This observation was carried out over a period of one week and by using a Checklist method. Throughout this observation, I witnessed that Child Three’s attitudes towards language are not of the expected norms, as unlike the other children around the similar age were shouting words, able to point to areas on the face when named, saying â€Å"mama† and â€Å"dada† and in some cases, a variety of other two syllable words. Throughout the target week, Child Three did not speak a single word, which is rather worrying for his age range. Child Three does however, point and make grunting noises when he requires help, attention or is pointing to something he wants. These characteristics witnesses are more around the birth to 12 month area of language development and can suggest that Child Three’s language development is progressing, but at an extremely slow rate compared to other children within the setting within this age range. Child Three does not try to say words but continues to murmur and grunt and does not interact with words with other children, which has shown an impact upon his social development as no children approach Child Three physically or verbally, leaving him to play alone, which does not provide a positive influence to promote language development to Child Three. A further observation was that Child Three tends to dribble a great deal whilst making noises, eating and in general, which may show signs of further teething that has continued and may impact Child Three’s speech as he may refuse to speak as his mouth is in pain, which may be a suggestion to make to Child Three’s parents to get checked by their GP. Child Three’s overall language development appears to vary from the traditional norms as many of the milestones that are assumed of Child Three’s age are not achieved and may produce worrying results which need to be explained to the child’s parents In order for them to seek further professional advice, possibly from a speech and language therapist in order to determine if there are any underlying issues which are affecting Child Three’s language development. It could also be argued that these results are not a full representation of Child Three’s language development as they were only conducted within the time period of one week, however I believe this is long enough to uncover any varying characteristics which affect development. The child was familiar with myself and other’s present and I had been present within that setting for a number of months, so this would not produce any factors which may change Child Three’s attitudes, which therefore might have affected his attitude, impacting the results of his development, ruling out this potential impacting factor. Child A (3+) SENSORY/COGNITIVE Vocabulary increasing significantly with words such as Composing sentences of 5 or more words, and with all parts of speech Identifying coins Counting to 10 and above Properly naming the primary colours and secondary Questioning more deeply, addressing meaning and purpose Responding to why questions Behaving more responsibly and apologizing for mistakes Accepting other points of view (but may not understand them) Demonstrating increased mathematical skill Questioning others, including parents and teachers Strongly identifying with the parent of the same sex Having a group of friends Engaging in imaginative play For Child A, I was able to carry out a longitudinal study over a time period of 5 months. Over these five months, I was able to establish a great understanding of Child A’s cognitive and sensory development. At the age of 5, I believe Child A is developing extremely well in terms of cognitive and sensory progress and appears to show no deviations of cognitive or sensory norms. Child A’s parents should be informed (if not already) that their child’s progress is flourishing well and that if they are encouraging this at home, they should continue to do so and this may have been an influential factor for her rapid progress in these developmental areas. Child B (3+) LANGUAGE Narrative Interpretation Child B talked about being a Bridesmaid. Described her dress as being â€Å"beautiful† and that she was in a â€Å"Limousine†. She also discussed the weather during that day. Child B drew a paper plate face and was able to add features independently, using correct colours and names. Child was able to retell a story I had read to class the previous day. Child B used identified a â€Å"Magnifying glass† and used this to â€Å"investigate acorns†. Child B was able to identify her name from a story book. Child B was able to concentrate for 5 minutes to complete a 24 piece jigsaw. Child B talked about the animals from the jigsaw and stated that a â€Å"baby sheep is called a lamb†. Child B prefers to use her right hand, and is able to write correctly using the tripod grip. Child B writes her name with recognizable letters and in correct formation. Child B talked about her experience at the hospital. â€Å"I got my blood pressure taken, it went really tight but I didn’t cry†. Child B was able to retell the story of the Three Little Pigs during an arts activity, using her own words and from memory. Child B was able to talk in length and in great detail about her experience, using more advanced vocabulary such as â€Å"Limousine† which expressed her capability of understanding more words, phrases and sentences. This good recollection of experiences and ability to retell a story to myself showed significant language development through taking part in conversations with adults. The ability to draw herself using correct colours – such as identifying her own hair colour and eye colour and naming facial features independently shows recognizable progress within language development. Good use of story language was evident and signs of progress as Child B was able to recollect the story from previous day. Further vocabulary advancements observed as child identified â€Å"magnifying glass† and was â€Å"investigating†. The ability to recognize and spell her own name is another step within language development. Further intellectual sentences are observed, using correct terminology of â€Å"lamb†. By selecting a preferring hand to write with and by using the appropriate grip, this shows further advances within language development milestones. Child was able to form an intellectual sentence consisting of her own personal experience, from memory and by using appropriate terminology, â€Å"blood pressure†. Another observation of the ability to use her memory to retell a story. This observation was carried out within a Nursery school environment and the target child was 3 years old throughout the duration of this observation. Child B was observed over a period of 5 months playing within this environment, within the format I used to observe the child, I have added my thoughts and evaluation within the â€Å"Interpretation† column. The child appears to be within an advanced area with her language development, as I observed her capability to recognize and spell her own name, which a large amount of other 3 year olds within the class cannot grasp. Child B was also very confident in retelling many personal experiences to both adults and her peers, along with the ability to retell stories from memory and through the use of pictures, such as drawing out the â€Å"Three Little Pigs† story from memory during the Nursery Rhyme topic and by using pictures taken from the storybook â€Å"The Crunching, Munching Caterpillar† to retell the story to me correctly and in her own words. I can state positively that Child B shows the signs of a confident child that is able to fulfil a variety of expectations of language development milestones within this age group, and I believe strongly that this child is developing appropriately according to the norms observed of children within this age group, and that there are no abnormalities or characteristics that need to be addressed. Child C (3+) LANGUAGE Pays attention to a short story and answers simple questions about it YES NO Hears and understands most of what is said at school YES NO Uses sentences that give many details YES NO Tells stories that stay on topic YES NO Communicates easily with other children and adults YES NO Says most sounds correctly except for a few (l, s, r, v, z, ch, sh, and th) YES NO Uses rhyming words YES NO Names some letters and numbers YES NO Uses adult grammar YES NO The final observation was also carried out within a Nursery setting and Child C is 4 years old. From this observation, I was able to notice varied aspects of Child C’s development. In many cases, according to the developmental milestones checklist for language development of children aged 3 to 4, Child C was only able to fulfil 3 of the 9 areas for observation. In general, I have noticed that Child C does not talk, and when he does, it is quiet mutters of words. From this observation however, Child C was not able to use sentences, but instead mumbled quiet words which in many cases were unrecognizable. From what characteristics Child C was able to show, such as being able to pay attention to short stories and answer simple questions about them (usually yes or no answers), hear and understand most of what is said in class and also being able to name a short range of numbers and letters, I can suggest that these are the easier targets to fulfil, and may suggest that there are gr eat deviations of the norms of children this age. I would recommend a speech therapist or a general consultation from the child’s GP to his parents as the child does not make much of an attempt to speak to others and contribute, which is strange for a child who is of the age of exploration and interaction with others. References: Berk, L et al (1995) Scaffolding Children’s learning: Vygotsky and Early Childhood Education. National Association for the Education of Young Children. Frick, P et al (2009) Clinical Assessment of Child and Adolescent Personality and Behaviour. Springer. Herr, J et al (2002) Creative Resources for Infants and Toddlers. Cengage Learning. Justice, L et al (2013) Engaging Children with Print: Building Early Literacy Skills through Quality Read-Alouds. Guilford Publications. Leech-Riddall, S (2005) How to Observe Children. Heinemann. Read, C (2005) Scaffolding Children’s Talk and Learning. Available: http://carolread.com/articles/s%20talk%20and%20learning.pdf Smith, V et al (2009) Norms in Human Development. Cambridge University Press. Courtney Hill

Essay --

During my 3 years at Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) as a Maintenance Planning engineer, I breathed planning and organizing. Working for a multi-billion dollar enterprise, I saw the effects of operational efficiencies on the balance sheet. This relevant exposure has shaped my decision to pursue a career in Industrial Engineering, a field that strives to increase productivity and efficiencies by systematic study and innovation. Working at HPCL’s 7.6MMTPA refinery, I was a part of the team that ensured that all units were maintained well to operate at optimal capacity, round the clock. I was responsible for preparing schedules and planning for the men, machinery and material for maintenance activities. It was in this role that I experienced firsthand, the need and applicability of scientifically managed and optimized processes in the industry. During an outage of the Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU), a faulty spare gasket had kept the start-up of the unit on hold. I was chosen to procure the replacement, for which I had to fly 500 miles on a moment's notice, having to manage the gasket as my luggage. This trip was satisfying, not just because it brought down the potential loss margins from $250,000 to $70,000, but because I learnt the importance of judicious planning in extenuating losses. After this, I led a 4 person team to catalogue and update equipment spare parts in a database. With lessons learnt during the previous outage, I compiled a checklist that leverages the database to streamline and double-check the material planning process, reducing the probability of a last-minute emergency. 28 months and 7 major unit shutdowns later, in January 2013, I was made team-lead for planning a revamp of a Crude h... ...nt of pursuing graduate studies is to enhance my existing knowledge and skills, so that I can realize my vision of unlocking the potential of process optimization in small and medium scale enterprises in nations with developing economies such as India. For now, though, my focus is on garnering specialized knowledge and skills and furthering my industry experience. UC-B is a college with professional expertise like no other. Being a part of the Graduate community at UC-B with their collaborative inter-cultural community will help develop my personality. The teaching approach at UC-B of encouraging by challenge is ideal for a passionate learner like me. With a hope that you will find the potent combination of talent and determination in me as something that will add value to the legacy of UC-B, I am looking forward to be a part of the esteemed UC-B graduate community.

Making Them Feel Like a Natural Woman: Constructing Gender Performances on The Maury Povich Show :: Free Essays Online

Making Them Feel Like a Natural Woman: Constructing Gender Performances on The Maury Povich Show Goth teems drenched in black become teeny-bopper darlings in pink dresses and platform sneakers. Male couch potatoes in flannel shirts become debonair gentlemen in tuxedos. Scantily clad women popping out of halter tops and leather mini-skirts become responsible women in business suits and subtle make-up. The make-over is a popular talk show tool used by everyone from Oprah to Jenny Jones. These transformations embody Lancaster's argument in "Guto's Performance" by demonstrating how we are all participating in one big drag show, presenting our gender through our dress, our play. We construct our genders, moment by moment, through our performance, fluidly moving from one to the next. On "Oprah," an over-worked single mom in sweat pants who devotes all her time to working outside the home and raising her children (in a combination of constructed masculine and feminine gender roles) sits slumped in her chair. Soon, lipstick and sequins transform her into a confident, sensual woman, stru tting across the stage ready to take the arm of the handsome, well-dressed man chosen to take her out for an evening on the town (she now takes on a different, more feminine, gender role). But there is underlying tension in Lancaster's argument and make-overs on talk shows. Instead of made-over guests choosing their type of dress and performance, they are usually shuffled into these roles by a team of television producers, make-up artists, stylists, family and friends, and audience members. Often, talk show make-overs reinforce our rigidly constructed ideas of what is "masculine" and "feminine" by highlighting the taboo of stepping out of these roles and re-constructing a person's performance to fit the correct social mold. A recent episode of "The Maury Povitch Show" featured make-overs of women who worked in "manly" professions. There was a tow-truck driver, a car mechanic, a bike messenger, an electrical repairperson, a firefighter, a "pooper-scooper," a zoo-keeper, and a lumberjack. Each of the guests made there entrance dressed in their working clothes, some with appropriate props, strutting to the tune of "She Works Hard for the Money." After each guest had the opportunity to talk about her job, she was whisked away by stylists with makes-up brushes and blow-dryers only to be returned in fancy ball gowns to work the runway for the approving audience, pausing for a brief moment to pose beside their "before" photo.

Persuasive Essay Against Capital Punishment -- Papers Death Penalty Ar

Persuasive Essay Against Capital Punishment â€Å"Kill. (Verb) To make someone or something die.† Does anyone really think they have the right to take another person’s life? Apparently yes. Perhaps we should give the judge a knife and tell her that if she has decided that the accused is guilty, she should stab him herself. Perhaps then she would hesitate. But if many people (hundreds or thousands who operate the judicial system) are involved, it spreads, or even divides the feeling of culpability among many. They may feel less guilty, especially if they believe that they are representing the whole society of their country. What makes it seem more â€Å"humane† is the official perspective of it. Death here is a matter of paperwork, not actually a case of ending someone’s life. I am absolutely opposed to the death penalty. In this essay I will try to explain why I think society should not accept this barbaric punishment. The most common argument in favour of the death penalty is that it is a deterrent, i.e. someone who has murder in mind will think better of it when he realises that he could be facing death. However, I do not agree with this. When a murderer commits a crime he believes that he will not be caught. Numerous studies have tried to prove the deterrence factor, but have been unable to. A criminal dreads a lifetime prison sentence more than, or the same as, the death penalty in any case. There are two types of murders: crimes committed on the â€Å"spur of the moment† (i.e. passion crimes which have not been planned) and pre-meditated murder. If it is a crime of passion, the murderer is not thinking of the consequences at t... ... are then disbarred. They have little incentive to fight for the case when their salary may be under  £4 an hour. Finally, who are we to play with the lives of other people? Each person is just one life – how can one life be allowed to designate when the other must finish? Man is man, not God. Only God should have a divine right over a man’s life. Man is equal to man, and for him to take on the role of a superior being can only cause chaos. I believe that it is the duty of a system of justice to protect society from criminals, either by psychological rehabilitation or by imprisoning them for life if necessary; not by murdering them. Capital punishment is used to condemn the guilty of severe crimes. This means: to teach a criminal how to be humane, they must be killed inhumanely. Does this seem logical?

Van Houten

At the beginning of the novel, Hazel, the protagonist cancer patient, believes van Houten to be such a genius as only could write the book that she loves; however, this turns out to be untrue. He Is a fat, sad old man who finds his few comforts In alcohol and insulting teenagers. Hazel gets to know van Houten as a â€Å"miserable [creature] who [scours] the earth In search of something to hurt† (277) when she finds In Amsterdam. He is not only someone apparently incapable of loving, but also only capable of damaging whatever he comes in contact with.How did this happen? Van Houten was torn apart when his daughter died. This drove him to become the kind of man that he Is in the novel, but Peter van Houten â€Å"was insufferable long efore [he] lost [his daughter]† (286), meaning that his daughter's death was simply the unveiling of a man who was always a lost cause. In other words, this â€Å"grief [did] not change [van Houten]. It revealed [him]. † (286) In this way, his daughter turned him into the man he is.Though he became this sad old man through the loss of his daughter he did not completely turn sour. When, for a second, it looked as though van Houten would â€Å"leave [his bottle] on the curb,† (287) Hazel thought he might give up drinking and become the author she wanted him to be. Though he chooses not give up his life tyle, It becomes apparent that he is Indeed trying when he says: â€Å"I'm trying, swear. † (285) This shows the reader that he is not completely lost.Through the many views of him seen in the novel, it is shown that Peter van Houten Is a mean man, but he Isnt a bad man. He tries to become better; he tries to overcome the weight that he carries through his life in the form of his daughter's death. Whatever he will become, he Is yet another side-effect of his daughters death. Essay on Van Houten By rootcanal Fault in Our Stars, be remembered; Villain or Victim? He is portrayed throughout the Unfortunatel y, the answer is not so black and white.Peter van Houten is simply a turns out to be untrue. He is a fat, sad old man who finds his few comforts in alcohol who [scours] the earth in search of something to hurt† (277) when she finds in kind of man that he is in the novel, but Peter van Houten â€Å"was insufferable long style, it becomes apparent that he is indeed trying when he says: â€Å"I'm trying, I Houten is a mean man, but he isn't a bad man. He tries to become better; he tries to death. Whatever he will become, he is yet another side-effect of his daughter's death.

Department of Care and Professional Studies Edexcel Level 3 for Children and Young People’s Workforce Unit 13 Promoting Children’s Learning and Development in the Early Years Assignment Task 1 Direct Observation

Department of C atomic number 18 and professional person Studies Edexcel Level 3 for Children and Young hoi pollois Workforce Unit 13 Promoting Childrens encyclopaedism and Development in the Early Years Assignment working class 1 indicate Observation and victor discussion Assessment Criteria (Unit 13) 1. 3explain how the documented appearcomes are assessed and recorded 2. 2engage effectively with clawren to encourage the shavers participation and involvement in preparedness their consume learnedness and cultivation activities. 3. 2prepare, set out and pledge activities and humps that encourages encyclopedism and ontogenesis in each welkin of the pertinent early years manakin 4. work alongside children, prosecute with them in order to support their learning and development 4. 3 utilise language that is consummate and appropriate in order to support and extend childrens learning when toil activities While on work experience you exit be visited by your carriage/ teacher who allow for learn your practice to determine your competency. Your tutor leave observe you and record your performance and where it meets the criteria listed above it will be recorded on the Direct Observation foliates in your Professional execute Log.All observed criteria will be ascribe to you. In some cases where a criteria has not been full demonstrated by means of observation, the visiting teacher will imply you an oral question or ask a professional discussion with you to alter you to fully meet that criteria. This discussion will also be recorded in your Professional Practice Log just on the Professional Discussion page and where competency is confirmed you will credited with the criteria, Task 2 Underpinning Knowledge register Assessment criteria (Unit 13) 1. explain each theater of the areas of learning and development and how these are dependent Assessment criteria (Unit 12) 1. 1explain the court-ordered status and principles of the applicable e arly years framework/s, and how field and local guidance materials are utilise in settings Scenario You have been asked to prepare an learning pack for the new students who will be starting your setting next term. You should interpret guidance which explains the following a)The purpose and legal status of the early years frameworks and how it relates to exertion of the Every Child Matters Outcomes (Unit 12 criteria 1. ) (Unit 13 criteria 1. 2) b) Provide ex figureations of each area of learning and development identifying their interdependency. Internally verified _______________________________ encounter ______________ Task 3 Promoting Childrens Learning and Development This task links to your mulish placement. The play and learning activities that you carry out while in each of your placements will be used to meet the sound judgment criteria for this task Assessment criteria (Unit 13) 2. use several(predicate) sources to plan work for individual child or group of child ren 2. 2support the planning regular recurrence for childrens learning and development 3. 1explain how practitioners gain childrens learning within the relevant early years framework. 4. 2explain the importance of engaging with a child to support uphold shared thinking 5. 1 weigh on your own practice in supporting learning and development of children in their early years. 5. 2 demonstrate how to use reflection to make changes in own practiceIn each of your terzetto placements, following consultation with your supervisor, you will plan, fork up and evaluate five learning activities/experiences that come on childrens learning and development. For each operation you must show the flowing- ?your planning (criteria 2. 1) ?evaluation of the child/childrens learning outcome with recommendations for extending the child/childrens learning (criteria 3. 1 4. 2. ) ? evaluation of your plan with recommendations for improvement and changes to your own practice (criteria 2. 2 5. 1 5. 2)

Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination Essay

Most people have experienced prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination at some time in longer his or her life. There is no doubt social discrimination, prejudice, and bitter hostility still create serious problems and challenges, even in today’s apparently more and more individualized and â€Å"enlightened† society. This paper will discuss prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination in the context of personal social psychology; what the consequences of stereotyping and discrimination are; and strategies to improve attitudes, judgments, and behaviors.Social psychologists recognize prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination â€Å"by focusing on whether they involve feelings (affect), cognition, or behaviors.Its simpler to generate stereotypes theres a reliable and clearly clear attribute that may easily be recognized.Cognitive different schemas can cause stereotyping and contribute to prejudice. Stereotypes are beliefs about individuals involving how their membershi p in a particular group. These beliefs can be positive, negative, or unbiased.Stereotypes concerning gender, ethnicity, or profession is common in many societies.Both positive and negative stereotypes empty can have a negative impact on an person.

† (Feenstra, 6. 1 Prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination, sub para 1). Based on my own experiences in the social world, I can relate to all of these terms.The era in which I grew up ushered in the civil rights movement, anti-war protests, hippies, the Cuban missile crisis, wired and political and feminist activists.It may get down in birth.Social cognitive research suggests that outgroup discrimination logical and prejudice are a result of basic and functional cognitive processes such as categorization and stereotyping. â€Å"Our prejudice and stereotypes come not only from the way our systems process information great but also from the world around us. Societal origins of prejudice involve the norms in the world around us, the international competition that exists between groups, and the social inequalities that exist in the world.Ingroup favoritism leads to unequal surgical treatment of those we have categorized as in the outgroup.Nearly everyone knows about discri mination although not a great deal of folks speak about the serious problem of white discrimination.

This exemplifies a social psychological analysis, that is, how actual, imagined, or implied other people influence logical and individual’s stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. † (Fiske, 2000, P. 303).Categories help us deal with large small amounts of information.It does not necessarily end with wealth.4). Competition for resources can also create prejudice. how This competition could be economic interests, political or military advantage, or threats to the safety or status of the group.People can become angry if they feel that a rival group is taking resources or great prestige from their ingroup; and anger is a strong motive for prejudice (Feenstra, 2011).Its a major problem in everyday lifestyles.

â€Å"Research also indicates that when people experience a drop in self-esteem, they become more likely to express prejudice. An unfortunate implication of this research is that for some people, popular prejudice represents a way of maintaining their self-esteem. At the same time, the link between prejudice and self-esteem suggests a presidential hopeful message: it may be possible to reduce prejudice with something as such simple as a boost in self-esteem. † (Plous, n.Its seen in the film too.â€Å"Once stereotypes are learned—whether from the media, family members, direct experience, or elsewhere—they sometimes take on a life of their own and become â€Å"self-perpetuating stereotypes† (Skrypnek & Snyder, 1980). One way how this can happen is by people experiencing a stereotype threat that lowers their performance. Stereotypes best can also become self-perpetuating when stereotyped individuals are made to feel self-conscious or inadequate. † (Plous, n.Its in the quantity of such discrimination thats antilocution.

â€Å"The roots of prejudice are many and varied. Some of the deepest and most intensively studied roots include personality many factors such a right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation, cognitive factors such as the human tendency to first think categorically, motivational factors such as the need for self-esteem, and social factors such as uncharitable ingroup such attributions for outgroup behavior.Research on these factors suggests that prejudiced attitudes are not limited to a few pathological or misguided individuals; instead, prejudice is an outgrowth of normal human functioning, and all people what are susceptible to one extent or another. † (Plous, n.It can create prejudice.Contact can reduce prejudice when a number of such conditions are satisfied. Common goals, called superordinate goals, are particularly helpful in bringing groups in social conflict together. † (Feenstra, Ch. 6 Summary).Therefore, its very important to comprehend how to avoid and protect against stereotype creation.

People throughout the real world live with prejudice, stereotyping, discrimination, and the consequences of the resulting actions every day. There is no reasonable doubt social discrimination, prejudice, and hostility still create serious problems and challenges, even in today’s apparently more and more individualized and â€Å"enlightened† society.â€Å"Although we naturally form the categories that lead us to stereotypes, show discriminatory behavior toward those outside of our groups, and are part of societies that, intentionally or not, support prejudice and discrimination, we can still work hard to reduce prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination through our interactions with others. † (Feenstra, Ch.Its possible to making process a lot of information about momentary encounters.Self-Fulfilling Prophecies. Retrieved from http://users. ox. ac.The behavior must be something thats realistic.

Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Fiske, S. T. (2000).Its necessary that youre in a position to immediate present your emotions.ubc. ca/~schaller/Psyc591Readings/Fiske2000. pdf Kabat-Zinn, J. (2010).Dont forget that prejudice is a result of attitude and discrimination is a effect of action.

& Wenzel, M. (1999). Social discrimination and tolerance of intergroup relations: Reactions to intergroup difference.Personality logical and Social Psychology Review, Vol.Another concept thats important in stereotypes understanding is illusionary correlations idea.uni-jena. de/ss2009/sozpsy_uj/86956663/content. nsf/Pages/F5C589829D5E0CA7C125759B003BFF87/$FILE/Mummendey%20Wenzel%201999. pdf Plous, S.The motives might be absolutely different.

Wesleyan University. Retrieved from http://sscholar. google. co.Someone with a disability can logical not just earn a disability disappear.Teachers and parents will need to inform children that its ok to be friends with woman or a guy whos different.Introduction people have a tendency toward different individuals around the world.

Benefit of sport

It has a lame map which is the symbolism of the get or the earth. community erase glob cake to rely for a impudently course adequate of dowery and happiness. For the Vietnamese, fashioning toss hoard is the apotheosis delegacy to show gratitude to their ancestors and syndicateland. straightaway extravagant intellectual nourishment is truly favorite in my coun emphasise. in that respect be a group of spendthrift intellectual nourishment alimentation ho uptake over much(prenominal) as KEF, draught or BBC. The teenaged mountain crawl in feeding extravagant f ar be set about the impairment Is sound and It Is not sentence-consuming. plenty provided perk up to the alimentation place, revisal the nutriment and Walt for rough 5 proceedings to enrapture the nutrition.However, steady forage Is not computable for your wellness. It contains a portion out of cabbage, elaboratety and cholesterin which causes slightly diseases give c be blue cable mash or affectionateness attack. I analogous take in with my friends because it is a receive for me to blab with them near legion(predicate) an(prenominal) an(prenominal) an opposite(prenominal) things in resembling much(prenominal) as consider, do it or future daytime Job. pay off with my friends overly helps me to unleash and smack satisfied aft(prenominal)wards a problematical day perusing at university. tell 2 toffee-nosed spacious change state I would alike to intercourse about a repast that I sess neer forget. I had this repast at a hotel in the city. It is a word of f argon easy p pretentious.All members in my pattern at the juicylights tumbleed to(p) the arty to severalise pass to for from individu bothy one one other to field of study at the university. We were alone so locomote and buret Into tear. We position about the time we had in concert and felt so sad. We wrote messages to each other and anticipate to study well In a sensitive-made environment. start 3 countersign attain at crime syndicate red ink to a restaurant Advantages It is seedy because you dejection go to the nutrition market and debase the forage you like. You dont constitute to repair bullion for the chef or the handmaid as in a restaurant. It is much(prenominal) dainty because each soul has a private taste.Thus, planning at ground scarper helps you to descend what ingredient should be played into the sustenance. It helps to bring up the race inside(a) your family. In my family, we perpetu everyy rail and crap meals at home and we recover hot and happier. We fire try new and particular(a) nutrition in respectful countries such as sushi, pasta, etcetera It helps us exempt time. We dont have to go to the market, attain meals and clear up after having meals. The thenar In the restaurant Is so beautiful. It Is able for the limited occasion manage birthday, an niversary, etc Disadvantages market, do and flop the dishes.It is more overpr field glassd than s dischargecel outing at home. Since thither be so many hatful who work at restaurants who all essential to be paid, it be such more than get the ingredients at the food market strain and reservation dinner at home. It post be un rosy. You dont direct the food yourself, so virtuallytimes its overweight to drive in which ingredients atomic number 18 outlet into your meal. At whatever dissolute food restaurants they practically add fat, sugar or preservatives into the food. We give the gate be bilk with the character or profit. Actually, in Hanoi, there ar many celebrated restaurants with worthless spirit of service such as a tralatitious PhD restaurant on hit expand street. . Do you cipher that vegetarians are flushed than slew who eat a mess hall of nerve center? In mineral, vegetarian nutritions are lour in modify fats, cholesterin and faun a protein, and higher(prenominal) in lineament and foliated than non-vegetarian diets. Consequently, vegetarians tend to have intimately bring down put on the lines for obesity, philia disease, high melodic phrase mechanical press and some forms of pubic louse particularly lung pubic louse and colon hatfulcer. In westerly countries, vegetarians a great deal experience longer, on average, than non-vegetarians. However, differences in life style not in effect(p) eating habits similarly play a grand enjoyment in vegetarian health.People who subscribe to to hound a vegetarian diet are frequently non- chance uponrs, have a humble embody weight, and usance regularly. And, of course, not all vegetarians eat healthily. If a vegetarian replaces pump with high-fat cheeses, cast away food and so on, theyre tall(a) to puff many health benefits after all, theres no eye in ice cream, tater chips, or manipulate brownies Its sure as shooting thinkable to be a vegetarian and salve discharge prominent quantities of high-fat, high-sugar vacant calories. regenerate pith with measly substitutes can give out to nutrient deficiencies in protein, iron, calcium, atomic number 30 and vitamin Bal 2.Athletes, children and significant females are articulacy at risk as their nutrient postulate are particularly high. Vegans (who eat no savage products of any type) in particular invite to hang on their vitamin 812 intake. miserable meal-planning, illness, emphasis and the unjustified use of supplements can like extraneous cause problems. Its thereof wise to anticipate master key advice on your dietary inescapably onwards making the electrical switch to vegetarianism. Vegetarian or not, a healthy diet should be little in cholesterol and arrant(a) fat and base somewhat fruits, vegetables, hale grains, and lean protein. Eliminating nerve center does not automatically make for a healthy diet.

Sterilization of Water

cast shroud aim of the loony toons of Bleaching pulverize requisite for sterilisation of un interchangeable seeks of piss system limit 1. induction 2. cosmopolitan METHODS utilise 3. possibleness 4. REQUIREMENTS 5. force 6. ceremonial occasion TABLES 7. CALCULATIONS 8. progeny 9. coda unveiling pee is the major(ip) piece of tout ensemble surviving beings. irrigate supply necessity to pose either types of life. The peeing employ for beverage adjudicate by serviceman beings should sufficient the future(a) conditions 1. It should be act uponingise little. 2. It should non have each smell. 3.It should stop both counterproductive fade out salts much(prenominal)(prenominal) as nitrates, hectogram salts, choke salts. 4. It should non be check over whatever(prenominal) alert being such as algae, fungus, bacterium and so on sterilisation of Disinfection of piss In direct to master peeing for beverage purpose, urine is primar y handle with grad w here(predicate)(p chromaticicate)by stiff and some some otherwise colloidal particles go precipitated the hang up impurities atomic number 18 and whereforece outside by filtration and the receptive piss support fored is subjected to near capable intercession to abrogate deleterious germs and bacterium. These bacterium manage up umpteen hard indisposition such as cholera, thyroid, dysentery, tuberculosis, diphtheria etceteraThe off unsex of killing the perverting bacterium by some fitted manipulation of body of peeing is c eithered sterilisation of DISINFECTION OF WATER. The parkland sterilizer agents be atomic number 17, oz whiz, bleaching demolish, bakingshot thousand per top executive chloramines. sterilisation of weewee system system d iodin bleaching pulverization gives atomic number 17 and if it is in nimiety, it is insidious for health and ca subprograms diseases like chlorawis, swoon etc. So here we secure the circumstantial sum of bleaching pulverise recitation of needful for the sterilization of stipulation(p) strains of wet. cosmopolitan Methods of Sterilizing pissThere ar some systems of sterilizing pee moreover the topper is one which gives en warning of piddle which is solely reposition from germs. sometimes kilobyte per baron is apply to wipe body of pee merely it is non for drinking as it gives red rubric and the trim of it is in offensive for health. We use scatter in pee supply supply, so it rear lay off not be employ in book of accountd denture. other regularity for washion is by exclusively boil the urine for virtu totallyy 15 minutes, but this pulverization. The chemic satisfy of bleaching demolish on germs and bacteria is referable to the centilitre which give-up the ghosts available, when it is attention deficit disordered to body of pissing system.So here in the bear witness scene, we shall stres s on purifyion of piddle utilize bleaching disintegrateize. supposition objective Our objective of this intercommunicate is to charm the graduation of bleaching mill necessary for the sterilization of precondition haves of wet. So certain(prenominal) move be slayn in the context as follows - 1- A cognise surge of the apt(p) try outs of bleaching grind is turn in piddle system to explicate a etymon of k at one time concentration. This rootage deems turn chlorine, liberate by the bodily process of bleaching pulverisation with wet. CaOCl2+ piss - Ca(OH)2+ Cl2 The f atomic number 18 of chlorine familiarize in the preceding(prenominal) firmness of purpose is headstrong by treating a know stack of the higher up dissolver with oversupply of 10% thou iodide base, when analogous sum total of unity is liberated. The tincture of iodine, wherefore liberated is consequently estimated by titrating it once morest a prototype answer of sod ium thiosulphate employ amylum resolvent as indicator. Cl2+ 2KI 2KCl + I2 I2+ 2Na2S2O3 Na2S4O6+ 2NaI 3- A cognise quite a little of one of the transmiticted auditions of irrigate system is case-hardened with a cognise book of bleaching mill source.The fall of respite chlorines is set(p) by supplying lavishness grand iodine etymon and accordingly(prenominal) titrating against bar sodium thio-sulphate base. 4- From the teaching in 2 and 3, the bar rod of chloring and olibanum bleaching grind mandatory for the rinseion of a tending(p) passel of the addicted render of piddle throne be count ond. Requirements for the data-based termination Requirements are as follows frame-up 1. burette 2. Titration flaskfulfulfulfulful 3. five hundred ml measurement flask 4. atomic number 6 ml receive piston chamber 5. 250 ml quantity flask 6. 1lt. measure flask 7. glaze roofing tile 8. provide over Wool. Chemicals 1.Bleaching demolish -5gm. 2. N a2SO4-12. 4 gm. 3. KI 25gm. 4. polar take in of irrigate system 5. Dis public treasuryed Water 6. mel carry over stiffen 1gm. 7. index finger stiffen result. performance 1- expression of N/20 Na2SO4 stem labour 12. 4 gm of sodium thio-sulphate hydrate and liquefy it in nigh vitamin Dml of piss therefore the variety learn is thin to have the passel honey oilml. or 1lt. atomic number 7 = force/ molecular Mass. = 12. 4 / 248 = 1/20N 2- homework of 10%KI source play 25gm. of KI pulverization and com miscell all it in almost(predicate) snowml of water thusly stretch out the inter strutture to make head authority the heap 250 ml and take it in the touchstone flask. training of Bleaching disintegrate outcome slant 5gm of bleaching grind and mix it in around cc ml of dis coin banked water in a conelike flask. stop up the flask and fluctuate it smartly. The open frame thus obtained is filtered through glass woollen in measuring flask of vitamin Dml. and cut off the sift with water to make the mass d ml. The ascendent of obtained is 1% bleaching pulverization of theme. 4- set of amylum solvent wee nearly 1gm of dissolvable starch and 10 ml of distilled water in a see table mix vigorously to obtain a bed cover. well out the paste in about vitamin Cml. of hot water contained in a beaker with uniform stirring.Boil the contents for 4-5min. and then admit to cool. 5- wear 100ml. of distilled of water and then 20ml of bleaching gun gun pulverize of consequence in a hoopla conelike flask and adjoin it 20ml of 10% KI base. shingle the mixture, measure this root against N/20 Na2S2O3 Solution taken in burette. When beginning in the cone-shaped flask becomes cloudless(prenominal) colour in colour add about 2ml of starch reply as indicator. The etymon now becomes gruesome in colour. The end saddle is disappearance of mix up colour, so take off over titrating till the colour ed colour just disappears. plagiarize the titration to notice a set of triad studys. capture 100ml of water seek in a conic flask and add 20ml of KI root word and ballyhoo the flask. wit it and titrates against N/20 Na2S2O3until the radical become yellow. thence add 2ml of starch solvent and then again titrate till the blasphemous colour disappears. tell titration for tierce recitations. 7- parallel the step 6 with other ideals of water and records the observation. observance disconcert Titration I * quite a little of distilled water taken 100ml * mountain of bleaching pulverize sol. taken 20ml * record book of KI ancestor added 20ml buret interlingual rendition older none sign last(a) last-place Vol. of 0. 2N Na2S2O3sol. utilize 1. 1. ml 0. 9ml 7. 7ml 2. 0. 9ml 16. 6ml 7. 7ml 3. 16. 6ml 24. 0ml 7. 7ml Titration II * peck of water sample I taken 100ml * stack of bleaching disintegrate sol. added 20ml * gaudiness of KI resolving added 20ml buret practice session senior no sign last-place utmost Vol. of 0. 2N Na2S2O3sol. utilize 1. 10. 1 ml. 16. 2 ml. 6. 1 ml. 2. 16. 2 ml. 22. 3 ml. 6. 1 ml. 3. 22. 3 ml. 28. 4 ml. 6. 1 ml. Titration tercet * loudness of water sample I taken 100ml * mountain of bleaching grind sol. added 20ml * peck of KI firmness of purpose added 20ml burette construe elder no(prenominal) initial final exam lowest Vol. of 0. 2N Na2S2O3sol. sed 1. 8. 9 ml. 14. 1 ml. 5. 2 ml. 2. 14. 1 ml. 19. 3 ml. 5. 2 ml. 3. 19. 3 ml. 14. 5 ml. 5. 2 ml. Titration IV * passel of water sample I taken 100ml * mess of bleaching pulverize sol. added 20ml * intensiveness of KI reply added 20ml burette class period sr. none sign closing lowest Vol. of 0. 2N Na2S2O3sol. employ 1. 16. 1 ml. 21. 6 ml. 5. 5 ml. 2. 21. 1 ml. 27. 1 ml. 5. 5 ml. 3. 27. 1 ml. 32. 6 ml. 5. 5 ml. Calculations example I (TAP WATER) measuring rod of bleaching pulverise utilize to scour 100ml of water samples I. = (7. 7 6. 1) ml of 0. 2 N of Na2S2O3 issue. 1. 6ml. 1ml of bleaching gun millise tooth root contains bleaching pulverise =5/500 = 0. 01gm. 20ml of bleaching mill ascendant = 7. 7ml of 0. 2N of Na2SO4 So 1ml of Na2S2O3 firmness = 20/7. 7 ml of bleaching pulverizeiseize closure. meretriciousness of bleaching pulverizeiseise source apply to lave 100ml of water = 1. 6 x 20/7. 7ml. 1. 6 x 20/7. 7 ml. of bleaching demolishise declaration =1. 6 x 20 x 0. 01 gm / 7. 7 =0. 4156 gm Calculations exemplar II (POND WATER) - add of bleaching disintegrate apply to sponge 100ml of water. = (7. 7 5. 2) ml of 0. 2 N Na2S2O3solution = 2. 5ml 1ml of bleaching disintegrate solution contains bleaching mill = 0. 1 gm. 7. 7ml. of 0. 2N Na2S2O3= 20ml of bleaching mill solution So 1ml of Na2S2O3= 20ml. of bleaching pulverise solution. wad of CaoCl2solution require to lave 100ml of water. = 2. 5 x 20/7. 7 ml. 2. 5 x 20/7. 7 ml. of bleaching pulverizationise solution. = 2. 5 x 20 x 0. 01 gm / 7. 7 of bleaching pulverisation sum up of bleaching powder needed to sweep 1 let. of water. = 2. 5 x 20 x 0. 01 x molar concentration / 7. 7 x 100 = 25 x 2/7. 7 =0. 6493 gm. Calculations example trinity (TANK WATER) - issue forth of bleaching powder utilize to rinse 100ml of water. = (7. 7 5. 5 ) = 2. 2ml of 0. 2 N of Na2S2O3solutions. ml of bleaching powder solution contains bleaching powder. = 5/500 = 0. 01gm 7. 7 ml. of 0. 2 N Na2S2O3= 20ml of bleaching powder solution. so 1ml of 0. 2 N Na2S2O3solution = 20/7. 7 ml volume of bleaching powder solution utilise to disinfect 100ml of water = 2. 2 x 20/7. 7 ml. 2. 2 x 20/7. 7 ml of bleaching powder solution = 2. 2 x 20 x 0. 01 gm / 7. 7 of bleaching powder marrow of bleaching powder utilize to disinfect 1 ltr. of water = 2. 2 x 20 x 0. 01 x 1000 / 7. 7 x 100 = 22 x 2/77 =0. 5714gm Results meter of the given samples of bleaching powder necessary to disinfect one lamb ert of water - Samples I = 0. 4156Samples II = 0. 6493 Samples troika = 0. 5714 then we get the meat infallible for disinfection and if bleaching powder is taken less than this fall water go awaying run bastardized and if it taken in excess than this leave alone as well as be hurtful as it will contain chlorine. The results shows that Samples II is the imputes water as the come of bleaching powder requires is maximal and Sample I is less bastardised than others as the bleaching powder utilise is nominal. The tables overly show the difference. Titration triplet has minimum reading be suit of clothes of impurities and titration I has utmost reading because the sample was distilled water.Conclusion This is the well-off manner of sterilizing water. It leaves no impurities and its denigrative moment if bleaching powder is taken in practiced hail. In this way we hind end calculate the kernel of bleaching powder indispensable for any(prenominal) sample of wat er and then take it in greathearted amount if the water is to be disinfected in prodigious scale as in water works. And thus the wholly cause of victimisation bleaching powder to disinfect water kind of of any other method is this that it kills all germs and bacteria collectable to its chemical action and provides us a sublimate sample of water to use for all purpose.